Kungani umdlalo wakho we-LAN unyamalala ngaphambi kokufaka i-VPN

Iqembu labantu lifaka umdlalo, lixhuma kunethiwekhi efanayo futhi libona uhlu lweseva olungenalutho. Isenzo sokuqala ukusola inethiwekhi nokufuna umhubhe, kodwa kungenzeka umdlalo awukaze uthumele iphakethe umhubhe ongayithwala. Ngaphambi kokuba i-VPN ingene esithombeni, thola ukuthi uhlelo lwenza ini ngempela kulezi zinto ezintathu lapho othile echofoza abadlali abaningi.

Lezi zinto ezintathu azishintshani. Enye isebenzisa ithrafikhi yendawo eqondile, enye ibuza insizakalo ukuthi ubani omunye odlalayo, kanti enye inqaba ukuqala ngaphandle kwe-akhawunti. Umhubhe ungasiza kowokuqala, awuhambisani nowesibili, futhi awukwazi ukulungisa owesithathu. Lokho kuhleleka kubalulekile, ngoba zontathu zingakhiqiza uhlu olungenalutho olufanayo ngezixazululo ezintathu ezihlukene.

Umdlalo uhlola ini ngaphambi kokufaka umphathi ohlwini

Iningi lamamenyu abadlali abaningi lenza izinto ezimbalwa ngokulandelana: liqinisekisa i-akhawunti engene, lihlola amalungelo ohlelo, libuza i-backend mayelana namagumbi noma abangane, bese kuthi ngemva kwalokho libheke inethiwekhi yendawo. Noma yisiphi isigaba singehluleka buthule, futhi isixhumanisi ngokuvamile sikhombisa uhlu olungenalutho olufanayo kuzo zombili izimo. Yingakho «i-LAN yephukile» kuwukuxilonga ongakwazi ukukwenza kusukela esikrinini kuphela. Iphutha le-backend, ilungelo eliphelile kanye ne-subnet ehlukanisiwe akuhlukaniseki kusukela esikrinini segumbi, futhi kukodwa kuphela kwazo okuyinkinga yokuxhumana ngempela.

Funda imibhalo yohlelo uqobo ngaphambi kokushintsha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi. Izinguqulo ezihlaziyiwe zivame ukususa ukujoyina okuqondile nge-IP, zifake igumbi elisingathwayo esikhundleni sokutholakala kwe-LAN, noma zidinge i-akhawunti yeplatifomu uhlelo lwangempela olwalungakaze luyidinga. Isibonelo, ikhasi lokusekela le-Age of Empires II: Definitive Edition yamanje lichaza igumbi elisingathwa kumaseva omdlalo lapho ukhetha khona ukubonakala, iphasiwedi nesifunda; lokho kuwukuhamba kohlelo lokusebenza okufanele kuqinisekiswe kulelo hlelo, hhayi ubufakazi nganoma yikuphi ukukhishwa kwangaphambili.

Bhala phansi inombolo yokwakha kanye negama lohlelo. Ipheshi lingadlulisela umdlalo kusuka kwimodeli eyodwa kuya kwelinye, futhi iziqondiso ezibhalelwe ukwakha kokwethulwa zingachaza imenyu engekho.

Amaphakethe okutholakala afela kurotha yokuqala

Umdlalo we-LAN oqondile uvame ukuncika ekusakazeni noma ku-multicast: umphathi uzimemezela ekhelini le-subnet yonke, futhi amaklayenti alalela leso simemezelo. Lawa maphakethe awahambeki ngokwakhiwa, ngakho irotha ephakathi kwemishini emibili iwalahla ngisho noma ithrafikhi ye-unicast ingadlula. Amadivayisi amabili kuswishi eyodwa ayabonana; lawo madivayisi amabili afanayo kuma-VLAN ahlukene, noma kunethiwekhi yezivakashi enokuhlukaniswa kwamaklayenti, awabonani. Amakhonsoli nomakhalekhukhwini ngokuvamile alandela iphethini efanayo ngeprotocol yawo yokutholakala, yingakho ipulatifomu ibaluleke njengomdlalo.

Yilapha lapho iningi lemibiko ethi «i-Wi-Fi efanayo, awekho amaseva» livela khona. I-SSID yezivakashi enokuhlukaniswa okuvuliwe, uhlelo lwe-mesh olubeka ikhonsoli esigabeni esihlukile, noma iphrofayela ye-firewall ethatha i-subnet yendawo njengeyomphakathi ngayinye izophula ukutholakala ngenkathi ukufinyelela okuvamile kwe-inthanethi kusasebenza. Hlola isilungiselelo sokuhlukaniswa kwamaklayenti kanye nemaski ye-subnet ngaphambi kokucabanga ukuthi umdlalo unecala.

Insizakalo yegumbi ayiyona indlela yenethiwekhi

Lapho umdlalo usebenzisa igumbi elisingathwayo, uhlu lwemidlalo luvela kumaseva omlawuli, hhayi ku-subnet yakho. I-VPN ishintsha indlela amaphakethe akho ahamba ngayo aya kulawo maseva, kodwa ayishintshi ukuthi iyiphi imigumbi insizakalo ekubonisa yona, ukuthi umdlalo usingathwa kusiphi isifunda, noma ukuthi i-akhawunti yakho inelungelo lokujoyina. Lezo yizimpendulo ezinikezwa yi-backend, futhi akukho nani lokuhambisa elingazishintsha.

Kulelo modeli umhubhe ubungcono kakhulu uyiguquguquko yesikhathi sokulinda futhi ububi kakhulu uyinkinga yokutholwa kwendawo, ngoba insizakalo ibona ikheli lokuphuma hhayi ikheli lomgwaqo wakho. Umbono ofanayo usebenza ezimenyweni zabangane nasezinhlelweni zeqembu. Lezi yizici zezinga le-akhawunti ezilamlwa yipulatifomu, yingakho abadlali ababili ku-LAN eyodwa bengakwazi ukubonana egumbini ngenkathi bobabili bengajoyina umdlalo womuntu ongaziwa.

Umhubhe ungakha kabusha ini, futhi ungakwazi ini

Umhubhe uwusizo lapho abadlali bekuzindawo ezehlukene futhi umdlalo usekela ukujoyina okuqondile ngekheli. Umhubhe ohambiswayo uthwala ithrafikhi ye-unicast phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili; umhubhe oboshiwe, noma i-overlay eletha isigaba se-Ethernet esingokoqobo, ungathwala nokutholakala kokusakaza okuncike kukho umdlalo we-LAN oqondile. Lona umahluko okufanele uwuqonde: ukuhambisa kudlulisela amaphakethe phakathi kwama-subnet, ukubopha kwenza izindawo ezimbili zibonakale njenge-subnet eyodwa.

Into umhubhe ongakwazi ukuyenza ukwengeza imodi yabadlali abaningi uhlelo lokusebenza olungayisebenzisi. Uma uhlelo lususe ukujoyina okuqondile, isigaba se-LAN esingokoqobo ngeke sikuphindisele. Uma igumbi lidinga i-akhawunti, umhubhe ngeke uhlangabezane nalokho kuhlola. Futhi uma imishini emibili ingemuva kwe-NAT eyodwa inokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwayo, i-overlay ingase idlule ukuhlukaniswa, kodwa lokho futhi kuwukweqa inqubomgomo, ingxoxo okufanele uyenze nalowo ophethe inethiwekhi.

Hlola indlela umdlalo oyisebenzisa ngempela

Qala ngomphathi oyedwa neklayenti elilodwa ku-subnet efanayo, ukuhlukaniswa kucishiwe futhi kungekho mhubhe. Uma lokho kusebenza, umdlalo kanye nohlelo basekela lokho ozama ukukwenza, futhi noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kwakamuva kuyinkinga yendlela. Uma kwehluleka lapho, umhubhe awukaze ube yimpendulo.

Bese ubhala phansi lokho incwadi ekhuluma ngakho mayelana nendlela yokujoyina, imbobo noma indlela yokutholakala, kanye nanoma yisiphi isidingo se-akhawunti. Shintsha uguquguquko olulodwa ngesikhathi: kuqala i-subnet, bese isigaba, bese umhubhe. Bhala ikheli lomphathi kanye nendlela eqondile yemenyu ukuze iseshini elandelayo ikwazi ukuphinda ukuhlola esikhundleni sokuphinda ingxabano.

Nquma ngehlelo, ukuthi ubani ozosingatha, ukuthi abantu bajoyina kanjani kanye nokuthi iyiphi i-akhawunti noma ukubhalisa okudingwa yiseshini, bese ukubhala phansi ngaphambi kosuku. Lokho kuqeda izingxabano eziningi kunanoma yimuphi umhubhe, futhi kushiya irekhodi lokho okuhloliwe.