Eminye imizila ye-L2VPN iyanyamalala ngemva kokwengeza ama-reflector emizila

Amaseshini ahlala ekhona, i-IGP izinzile, kodwa eminye imizila ye-L2VPN ayibonakali neze emiphethweni emibili kwemine yomhlinzeki. Leli phethini lingelokubonisa hhayi elokuthutha, ngoba iseshini ephukile yehluleka ngokuphelele kuyilapho umngcele wokubonisa osetshenziswe kabusha wehluleka ngokukhetha. Indandatho yenyama ayinamehluko; igrafu yokusabalalisa enengqondo yindawo lapho leyo mizila yema khona. Ukuthola leyo phuzu akudingi ukwakha kabusha indiza yokulawula.

Ukulahleka kukhethiwe, okunciphisa uphenyo

Imiphetho emine yomhlinzeki endandathweni yenyama idinga amaseshini ayisithupha anengqondo ukuze kube nenethiwekhi ephelele, ngoba i-router ngayinye ibhangqa nezinye ezintathu. Lawo maseshini ahamba phezu kokuthutha okuhleliwe, ngakho izintambo azisho lutho mayelana nenani lobudlelwano obuseduze noma ukuthi yikuphi okukhombisayo. Lapho imiphetho emibili ilahlekelwa iqoqo elithile lama-prefix kuyilapho konke okunye kuhlangana, intambo ayiyona esolwayo.

Ukulahleka okukhethiwe kukhombisa ukuvimbela amalup, inqubomgomo noma isiqondiso sobudlelwano, lapho eminye imizila iwela umngcele kanti eminye ilahlwa endleleni. Ukulahleka okuphelele kukhombisa iseshini noma umndeni wamakheli. Ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu okubili obhekile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esiwusizo, futhi kuthatha umyalo owodwa.

Ukubonisa kushintsha ini ngempela

Ukubonisa imizila kukhulula umthetho wokuthi isikhulumi se-iBGP asikwazi ukumemezela kabusha umzila esiwufunde kwesinye isikhulumi se-iBGP. RFC 4456 iveza ukuhlukile ngobudlelwano phakathi kwesikhulumi nomthombo womzila, futhi isiqondiso salolo budlelwano sibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okusikiselwa izifinyezo eziningi. Umzila ofundwe kukhasimende ungaboniswa kwamanye amakhasimende nakwabangewona amakhasimende, kuyilapho umzila ofundwe kumuntu ongeyena ikhasimende ungaboniswa kumakhasimende kuphela. Funda ukungalingani kabili, ngoba kuchaza ukuthi ukwengeza ubudlelwano bekhasimende kungafihla kanjani iphutha lokuklama: kuvula indlela i-topology engakaze iyihlele.

Isici se-CLUSTER_LIST siqopha umlando wokubonisa, futhi isibonisi esithola i-ID yeqembu laso kulolo hlu kufanele singanaki isimemezelo. Lokho ukuvimbela amalup, futhi futhi yindlela esusa imizila lapho abahlonzi besetshenziswa kabusha ngephutha. I-ORIGINATOR_ID idlala indima ehlobene ngokusho igama le-router eyamemezela umzila okokuqala.

Ama-ID weqembu asetshenziswe kabusha yiwona ndlela imizila enyamalala ngayo

Inethiwekhi encane imema indlela emfushane: nikeza i-router ngayinye i-ID yeqembu elilingana ne-loopback yayo, ngemva kwalokho engeza esinye isibonisi, futhi usebenzise kabusha i-loopback ekhona ngoba itholakala kalula. Uma leso sazisi manje sibonakala ezigabeni ezimbili zokubonisa ezizimele, isigaba sesibili sibona i-ID yaso ku-CLUSTER_LIST bese silahla umzila. Akukho okubhala iphutha, ngoba ukulahla kuyimpendulo efanele elup.

Izibonisi ezengeziwe ezisebenza iqembu elilodwa ziyingcindezelo esemthethweni: zabelana nge-ID ngenhloso ukuze noma yikuphi kuzo kukwazi ukukhonza lawo makhasimende. Isazisi kufanele sihambisane nokuklama kokubonisa hhayi ukwehlukanisa amagama amabhokisi.

Dweba igrafu ehlosiwe ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yikuphi ukulungiselela: ubani wenza i-prefix, buphi ubudlelwano bekhasimende obuvumela ukubonisa kokuqala, yisiphi isibonisi esiyisa esigabeni esilandelayo, futhi ikhasimende lokugcina lihlala kuphi. Wonke umgxumo kuleyo grafu yindawo lapho isazisi esisetshenziswe kabusha, ubudlelwano bekhasimende obungekho noma isihlungi senqubomgomo kungamisa umzila. Uma igrafu isidwetshiwe, umzila ongekho unendawo esikhundleni semfihlakalo.

Phikisana nesilingo sokwenza wonke umakhelwane abe yikhasimende

Ukulungisa okusheshayo komzila ongekho ukwenza wonke umakhelwane abe yikhasimende seso sonke isibonisi. Ukusabalala kuyabuya, futhi ukuklama kuyeka ukukutshela noma yini: kukhulisa imizila ethwelwa yisikhulumi ngasinye kuyilapho kufihla ukuthi buphi ubudlelwano obekufanele benze lowo msebenzi.

Inethiwekhi encane ngokuvamile idinga esinye sezimo ezimbili. Inethiwekhi egcwele ye-iBGP ingamaseshini ayisithupha kuma-router amane ngaphandle kokubonisa nhlobo, kanti ipheya lezibonisi eliqokiwe elikhonza imiphetho esele ingenye yezimo. Zombili zilula ukuzicabanga kunenethiwekhi eyingxenye lapho i-router ngayinye ibonisa kancane. Khetha isimo ngokwesilinganiso nokuziphatha kokwehluleka, hhayi ngomdwebo wezintambo.

Hlola umndeni wamakheli ngaphambi kokusola ukubonisa

Iseshini ye-TCP esembobeni u-179 ifakazela ukuthi izikhulumi ezimbili ziyakwazi ukukhuluma, futhi ayisho lutho mayelana nokuthi umndeni wamakheli we-VPN washintshana ngisho nomzila owodwa. Thola isimo seseshini, bese umndeni, bese i-prefix ngayinye.

vtysh -c "show bgp summary"
vtysh -c "show bgp l2vpn evpn summary"
vtysh -c "show bgp l2vpn evpn"

Lezo zinto ezintathu zokuphuma zihlukanisa inkinga yobudlelwano obuseduze nenkinga yokushintshana kanye nenkinga ye-prefix engekho. Uma umndeni ungabonisi neze ama-prefix, hlola isimo sokwenza kusebenze nenqubomgomo yokuthumela ngaphandle yomakhelwane ngaphambi kokubheka ukubonisa. Uma ama-prefix ebonakala emkhawulweni owodwa kodwa hhayi kwesinye, qhathanisa uhlu lwamaqembu nomthombo ohlangothini olwamukelayo, bese ulandela igrafu yesigaba esedlule.

Gcina ukufinyeleleka komgxumo olandelayo nesimo sokudlulisa ngaphandle kwalolo hlolo. Umzila obonisiwe one-mgxumo olandelayo ongafinyeleleki ukhona kodwa awusizi, lokho okubonakala njengokwehluleka kokubonisa kuze kube yilapho ubheka ikholomu yomgxumo olandelayo. Xazulula umgxumo olandelayo, qinisekisa ingeno yokudlulisa, bese ngemva kwalokho unquma ukuthi igrafu yokusabalalisa idinga esinye isibonisi.