Ngaphambi kokwengeza i-OTV, bhala isivumelwano se-Ethernet osidingayo

Umthwalo womsebenzi uthuthela esikhungweni sedatha yesibili futhi uqala ukudlula isikhathi kusevisi eyayiphendula kahle isuka kwesokuqala. Othile uphakamisa i-OTV, ngoba i-Layer 2 VPN ekhona «ayenzi i-broadcast». Leso siphetho ngokuvamile siyashesha. Isigaba sesevisi kanye nenkontileka ethile oyithengile kuyimibuzo emibili ehlukene, futhi ukudlula kwesikhathi akukabi lutho kulezo zinto ezimbili.

Isibonakaliso esiqala ukuqhathanisa

Bhala lokho uhlelo lokusebenza oludinga ngempela ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa imikhiqizo. Inombolo yeziza, ububanzi be-VLAN, ukufunda amakheli, ukubekezelela i-flooding nokuziphatha lapho kwehluleka kuchaza imfuneko. «Layer 2» ne-«OTV» kuchaza izakhiwo, futhi akukho kuzo okuyimfuneko ngokwakho. Izimfanelo ezinhlanu ekhasini elilodwa ziyohlala isikhathi eside kunanoma yikuphi ukuqhathanisa komthengisi.

Bese uhlola ukuthi isevisi yamanje isivele iyazifeza yini lezo zimfanelo ezinhlanu. I-Layer 2 VPN ephethwe umhlinzeki ingase ihlanganise ukudluliswa kwe-multipoint nokufunda endaweni yokulawula okungazange kushiwo ukubuka okusheshayo kwe-invoyisi.

Uma isevisi yamanje izifeza, ukudlula kwesikhathi kukwenye indawo: inkinga ye-MTU, ukungalingani kokuhambisa, umthetho we-firewall ohlukile phakathi kweziza. Ukushintsha i-overlay kungayeka leyo mbangela endaweni yayo futhi kuneze ukufuduka.

Lokho ilebula engakutsheli khona

I-Layer 2 VPN iyisigaba, hhayi umkhiqizo. I-VPWS yephoyinti-kuya-kwephoyinti ne-multipoint VPLS zidlulisela ngendlela ehlukile, futhi isigaba sihlanganisa amasevisi anokufunda endaweni yokulawula nokuphathwa kwamalophu kanye nalawo alula. Ukucabanga ukuthi yonke i-Layer 2 VPN ixhumanisa iziza ezimbili ngqo futhi ikhukhula yonke into yiyo indlela okwenziwa ngayo ukuqhathanisa okungalungile. Igama elikunkontileka alisho lutho mayelana nethebula yokudlulisela engemuva kwayo.

Buza ukuthi iyiphi imodeli yokudlulisela esetshenziswa isevisi ekhona, nokuthi iyiphi edingwa uhlelo lokusebenza. Imfuneko ye-hub-and-spoke nemfuneko ye-full-mesh zikhiqiza amadizayini ahlukene ngisho lapho zombili zichazwa njenge-Layer 2.

Lapho i-OTV idweba khona umngcele wayo

I-OTV isebenza phezu kokuthuthwa kwe-IP ngokufinyeleleka kwe-MAC endaweni yokulawula kanye nezindima ze-edge ezichaziwe. Ulwazi lwendawo lwe-spanning-tree luhlala lusendaweni kunokuba lunwetshwe njengesizinda esisodwa esingalawulwa kulo lonke ukuthuthwa. Lokho kuwumehluko wangempela kusukela ekunwetshweni kwebhuloho okulula, futhi yisona sizathu sokuthi abantu baphendukele kukho.

Umngcele ubalulekile njengenzuzo. Ukuphathwa kwe-unicast, i-broadcast ne-multicast engaziwa kuncike endaweni yokusebenza nokucushwa kwayo, futhi ipheya le-edge kumele lisebenzisane ngendlela ye-multihoming esekelwe. Amadivayisi amabili azimele adlulisela i-VLAN efanayo awawona umdizayini ofanayo, futhi akhiqiza imodi yokwehluleka ehlukile.

I-flooding iyancishiswa, ayisuswa

Ukucindezela ingxenye ye-flooding engadingekile akufani nokuqinisekisa ukuthi asikho isigaba se-broadcast noma se-multicast esiyowela ukunwetshwa. Isiphepho esiqala endaweni eyodwa sisengadla ukuthuthwa, futhi isici sendawo yokusebenza esihlunga isigaba esisodwa sethrafikhi asihlungi ezinye. Kulowo mehluko kuvela iningi lokudumala nganoma iyiphi i-overlay.

Ngakho umbuzo awukho wokuthi i-OTV iyayimisa yini imiphepho ye-broadcast. Umbuzo ngukuthi yiziphi izigaba zethrafikhi eziwelayo, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo, nokuthi yini ekhawulela izinga uma ziwela.

Qinisekisa i-underlay ngenkathi ulapho: ukulethwa okusekelwe, usayizi wephakethe, ukuhambisa kanye nobumakhelwane obudingwa ukukhishwa okukhethiwe. Akukho kulokhu okuza mahhala ne-overlay, futhi ithumbu elihlala ifreyimu yamabhayithi angu-1500 aliyona ngokuzenzekelayo ithumbu elihlala amafreyimu akho anamathegi.

Isivumelwano okufanele sicelwe, ngokubhala

Kunoma iyiphi isevisi oyikhethayo, cela izimpendulo eziyisithupha ezifanayo: ububanzi bephoyinti-kuya-kwephoyinti noma be-multipoint, ukuphathwa kwefreyimu nekethegi lekhasimende, imodeli yokufunda i-MAC, imikhawulo ye-flooding, ukuziphatha kokubuyisela kanye nosayizi ophezulu wefreyimu ukusuka ekupheleni kuya ekupheleni. Amasevisi amabili anegama elifanayo angahluka kukho ngakunye kwazo. Thola izimpendulo ngokubhala, ngoba unjiniyela ocubungule isevisi kungenzeka ukuthi akayena ophendula umbuzo.

Khetha ushintsho kuphela ngemfuneko isevisi yamanje engakwazi ukuyifeza ngokusobala. Ukunweba i-VLAN kuye kunweba nokuncika kohlelo lokusebenza ne-Ethernet kanye nayo; igama elisha le-overlay alikubusi lokho.

Uhlaka lwe-RFC 4664 lubeka izigaba zesevisi namamodeli azo okudlulisela, okuyisilulumagama osidingayo ukuze ubuze umbuzo ofanele. Letha izimpendulo eziyisithupha nokuhlolwa okwehlulekile emhlanganweni ofanayo, futhi isinqumo asisayobe simayelana namalebula.