Ithuneli isikhona, kungani igama langasese lihluleka?

Ithuneli elisebenzayo akusho ukuthi iklayenti libuze isixazululi esifanele. Hlola ukuthi ngubani ophendulile, bese udlulisa kuphela indawo edingayo ngempela.

Konke mayelana nokuxhumana kubonakala kulungile: ithuneli isikhona futhi ikhonsoli ikhombisa iphuzu lokugcina langasese, kepha isicelo ngasinye sihluleka ekuxazululeni amagama. Isinyathelo semvelo ukusola ithuneli, okujwayelekile ukuvela kungenacala. Umbuzo uthunyelwa kuseva engazi lutho ngendawo yangasese. Akukho shintsho lwendawo yomzila oluzoshintsha leyo mpendulo, ngoba inkinga ukuthi kwabuzwa bani.

Umbuzo ufike kusiphi isixazululi?

Thola isixazululi esixhunywe kuxhumano ngalunye ngaphambi kokubheka ithuneli. I-Linux ikhombisa amaseva kuxhumano ngalunye ngomyalo wesimo sesixazululi, futhi i-macOS ikhombisa izixazululi ezinomkhawulo kudumpu yokuhlelwa kwe-DNS. Uma impendulo isavela kurotha yasekhaya, uxhumano lwethuneli aluzange lubuzwe.

resolvectl status
scutil --dns | head -40
dig +short internal.example.com

Lapha kuxubene izigaba ezimbili: iseva ecindezela ikheli lesixazululi, neklayenti elifaka kuxhumano olusebenzayo. Iphrofayela ingaqukatha ukukhetha, futhi ilogi ingakhombisa ukuthi kuyafika, ngesikhathi uhlelo lokusebenza luqhubeka lusebenzisa iseva endala. Qhathanisa ilogi nalokho okubikwa uxhumano, futhi uthembe uxhumano.

Sebenzisa ikheli inethiwekhi yamafu ephendula kulo ngempela

Amanethiwekhi amafu ngokuvamile aphendula amagama angasese ngekheli eligciniwe elisuka ezindaweni ezimbili ukusuka kwisisekelo sobubanzi, ngakho inethiwekhi eqala ku-10.0.0.0 iphendula ku-10.0.0.2. Abanye abahlinzeki baphinde bashicilele isixazululi sendawo yokuxhumana esisebenza ngaphandle kokwazi ububanzi, lokhu kusiza lapho inethiwekhi yakhiwe omunye umuntu. Buza ikheli lokungenela ngqo ngaphambi kokulicindezela kunoma ubani. Ikheli elingesilo isixazululi libonakala njengokulahla kwe-firewall, ngoba umbuzo awutholi mpendulo.

Uma umbuzo oqondile uphendula ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi kodwa hhayi ngedlula ethunelini, isixazululi silungile futhi indlela phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili ayilungile. Lowo mphumela uhambisa uphenyo emizileni, ekudluliseni nasemithethweni yokufinyelela esikhundleni sephrofayela yeklayenti.

Ithuneli alithwali isikhala samagama

Amaphakethe ayadlula; amagama awadluli. Uhlangothi ngalunye kufanele lwaziswe ukuthi yisiphi isikhala samagama esohlangothini olunye, futhi lokho kuyinto ehlukile ephethwe yilowo ophethe indawo. Indlela ejwayelekile ukudlulisela isikhala samagama esisodwa, okuqondiswe kusixazululi esifinyeleleka ngethuneli.

Ngokwenzayo uhlangothi ngalunye ludinga umthetho walo, ngoba uhlangothi oluphethe indawo kufanele luthumele umbuzo. Izinhlangothi zombili zidinga ukuthi umthombo wombuzo uqondiswe futhi uvunyelwe, futhi uhlangothi oluphendulayo kufanele lubuyisele izimpendulo ngethuneli hhayi kwi-inthanethi. Gcina ukudlulisela kuncane, ukuze kuphela isikhala samagama sangasese sincike kuxhumano. Ukuthumela yonke imibuzo ngalokho kuguqula ukuncika okuncane kube ukuphazamiseka okuphelele ngesikhathi ithuneli iwa.

Dlula imingcele ngokulandelana

Hlola isixazululi esifakwe kuxhumano olusebenzayo, bese umbuzo oqondile kuleso sixazululi, bese umbuzo ofanayo usuka ohlangothini olukude, futhi ekugcineni uhlelo olusebenzisa igama elifanayo. Isinyathelo ngasinye sihlukanisa umngcele owodwa, ngakho ukwehluleka kukutshela lapho ubheka khona esikhundleni sokuqala uphenyo kabusha. Impendulo esebenzayo ngesikhathi uhlelo lwehluleka ikhomba ekuthembeni kwesitifiketi noma kunqubomgomo ye-API hhayi kwi-DNS. Lezo zinkinga zingempela, futhi akukho shintsho lwesixazululi oluzozilungisa.

Bhala ukuthi yisiphi isinyathelo esihlulekile. Lowo mugqa owodwa yilokho okudingwa umuntu olandelayo, futhi kuthatha imizuzwana eyishumi ukuwubhala.

Gcina iketanga lapho umuntu olandelayo angayithola khona

Qopha isixazululi esicindezelwe, umthetho wokudlulisela, umthombo wombuzo ovunyelwe kanye nephuzu lokugcina eliphendulayo endaweni eyodwa. Lapho igama langasese lihluleka futhi, irekhodi likhombisa ukuthi ithuneli lihambile, ikheli lesixazululi lishintshile, noma umthetho uncishisiwe. Ngaphandle kwalo, isigameko ngasinye siqala kusifuri futhi siphetha ngemibono emithathu efanayo.

Gcina irekhodi lifushane ngokwanele ukuhlala linemba: imigqa emine, usuku, negama lomnikazi wengxenye ngayinye. Irekhodi elidala libi kakhulu kunokungabikho, ngoba libonakala linamandla ngesikhathi lilokhu lingalungile.

Izihloko ezihlobene