I-VPN ngaphambi kokungena ku-macOS: ukuvula, iwindi lokungena, iseshini
Ukuvula i-FileVault, iwindi lokungena kanye nesehini yomsebenzisi yizigaba ezihlukene. Iklayenti ledeskithophu eliqala ekungeneni lixazulula eyokugcina kuphela.
Nawu umbono obiza abantu iviki: ukuthi i-Mac inesikhathi esisodwa esibizwa ngokuthi ngaphambi kokungena nokuthi iklayenti le-VPN liqala ngaleso sikhathi noma cha. Empeleni umshini unezikhathi okungenani ezintathu lapho ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi kubalulekile, ezihlukaniswa ukuthi ubani ovunyelwe ukubamba imininingwane yokuqinisekisa ngaleso sikhathi. Iklayenti eliqaliswa kusuka entweni yokungena lihlanganisa eyodwa kuphela yazo, futhi iyokugcina.
Inkolelo yokuthi isilungiselelo esisodwa sihlanganisa konke ukuqalisa
Funda kabusha ikhasi lomkhiqizo bese ubheka ukuthi isici sisho isiphi isigaba. Ibhokisi lokumaka elibhalwe qala ekungeneni lisho into yokungena, esebenza ngemva kokuba iseshini yomsebenzisi ikhona. Ibhokisi elibhalwe xhuma lapho kudingeka lisho ukuthi iklayenti livula uxhumano lapho ithrafikhi ihambisana nomthetho, lokhu kusadinga ukuthi iklayenti nemininingwane yalo yokuqinisekisa kutholakale.
Akukho kulokhu okufinyelela inqubo yokuqalisa. Lokhu akusona isikhawulo umthengisi akhohlwa ukusisusa; yilokho okuvunyelwa uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwevolumu akukho sistimu esebenzayo yokuqalisa iklayenti kuyo, futhi ngemva kokuphuma izimfihlo zomsebenzisi zihamba nesehini. Izindonga ezimbili ezihlukene, futhi akukho neyodwa eyenza intando yebhokisi lokumaka elinye.
Uma uhlukanisa izigaba, umbuzo wokuqala ushintsha isimo. Esikhundleni sokubuza ukuthi i-VPN iqala ngaphambi kokungena, ubuza ukuthi yikuphi kwezikhathi ezintathu eziqondile okufanele kusebenze, bese uthola ukuthi ngasinye sinomnikazi ohlukile: isendlalelo sokubethela, isandiso senethiwekhi noma iseshini yomsebenzisi.
Okwenzeka ngempela esigabeni ngasinye
Ukuqalisa kuqala ngevolumu ebethelwe okufanele ivulwe ngaphambi kokuba kube khona sistimu esebenzisekayo kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi ojwayelekile. Lokho kuvula kwenzeka endaweni enomkhawulo nemininingwane yokuqinisekisa elinganiselwe, futhi i-Apple ibhala ngokucacile ukuthi idatha ebethelwe ihlala ingafinyeleleki ngaphandle kokuvulwa okuvumelekile.
Bese kufika iwindi lokungena, lapho sistimu isebenza khona kodwa akukho seshini yomsebenzisi okwamanje. Isandiso esendaweni yomsebenzisi sesiphelile uma umsebenzisi ephumile, futhi isandiso sesistimu jikelele kungenzeka sisasebenza, kodwa ukusebenza akufani nokubamba imininingwane yokuqinisekisa edingwa yi-VPN yakho.
Bese kufika iseshini, lapho iklayenti elijwayelekile lingase lifunde isixhumi sokhiye sokungena, licele isici sesibili futhi lisebenzise imizila edlulisiwe. Izici eziningi abantu abazichaza njengezangaphambi kokungena empeleni yilesi sigaba, esiqalwa ekuqaleni kwesehini hhayi ngaphambi kwayo.
| Stage | What it can use | What it cannot do |
|---|---|---|
| FileVault unlock | Credentials supplied at the console to unlock the volume | Run an ordinary VPN app or read a user keychain |
| Login window | System context, possibly a joined network | Use a user secret that only exists after login |
| User session | Login keychain, interactive MFA, full client features | Exist before the volume unlocks |
Kungani i-launch daemon ingakwazi ukungena esikhundleni somsebenzisi ongekho
Igunya eliphakeme libonakala kufanele lixazulule inkinga, futhi aliyixazululi. I-launch daemon isebenza njengenqubo yesistimu ngaphandle kwesehini yomsebenzisi ngemuva kwayo, ngakho akukho sixhumi sokhiye esingavulwa futhi akukho muntu ozophendula isicelo. Ingavula isokhethi futhi ifunde ifayela; engakwazi ukukwenza ukuba umsebenzisi onemininingwane yokuqinisekisa. Igunya akulona ubunikazi, futhi yilapha lapho kokubili kudidaniswa khona.
Lokho abantu abakwakhayo kuleso sikhala iskripthi esinephasiwedi ngaphakathi, okuyinkinga embi kunalokho abaqala nakho.
Ingqikithi ethembekile yemfuneko incane. Uma umshini kufanele ufinyelele umthombo ovikelwe ngesikhathi kungekho muntu, ubunikazi obamukelwa yilowo mthombo kufanele bube obunokubanjwa umshini ngaphandle komuntu: isitifiketi sedivaysi, imininingwane yokuqinisekisa kusixhumi sokhiye sesistimu, noma i-akhawunti isici sayo sesibili okungewona umlayezo oya efonini esephaketheni lomuntu. Dizayina lobo bunikazi ngamabomu, futhi umbuzo wesigaba uvame ukuziphendulela.
Isici se-Windows sangaphambi kokungena asidluliselwa
I-Windows inomshini wokufinyelela ongcwadisiwe wangaphambi kokungena weminye imikhiqizo yokufinyelela kude, futhi igama lihamba kahle kunekhono. Isici esichazwe emhlahlandleleni wokusabalalisa we-Windows asikutsheli lutho mayelana nokuthi umthengisi ofanayo uyisebenzisa yini indlela efanayo ku-macOS.
Cela isitatimende esihlanganisa ihadiwe ye-Mac, inguqulo ye-macOS, inguqulo yeklayenti kanye nendlela yokuqinisekisa oyisebenzisayo ngempela. Isimangalo esijwayelekile sokusekelwa asanele, ngoba umehluko phakathi kokusebenza nokungasebenzi uvame ukuba kwesinye salezi zine.
Uma umthengisi engakwazi ukuphendula, yilokho impendulo. Hlela isigaba sesehini futhi udizayine enye indlela yesimo esingagadiwe, esikhundleni sokuthola isikhala ngesikhathi sokusabalalisa.
Okufanele kucelwe esikhundleni salokho
Bhala imfuneko ngolimi lwezigaba. Yimuphi umthombo, udingwa ngubani, kusiphi isimo, futhi ngaluphi ukubambezeleka okwamukelekayo lapho uxhumano lungakabi khona?
Uma impendulo ingumsebenzisi ongena bese edinga ithumbu, ukuxhuma lapho kudingeka nento yokuqala kuyanele futhi kushibhile. Uma impendulo ingumshini oqala kabusha ebusuku futhi okufanele ubike, umklamo udinga indlela esekelwayo yokuvula idiski, ubunikazi bedivaysi kanye nenqubo yokubuyisela esebenza lapho inethiwekhi ingakhuphuki neze. Uma impendulo ingukungenela kwenhlangano okuncike ethumbini, khona-ke imiklamo yokungena, ubunikazi kanye ne-VPN kufanele yakhiwe ndawonye hhayi ukuthengwa ngokwehlukana.
Imibhalo ye-Apple ye-FileVault iyindawo yokuqala efanele yesigaba sokuvula. Konke okuza ngemva kwalokho kuwumbuzo weklayenti nobunikazi okufanele ixazululwe isitatimende somthengisi ngaphambi kokuthenga.