Digniin WAN Miniport: hagaaji adabtaraha ama dib u dhis borofilka
Borofil qallalan ama adabtar madax-adag ayaa badanaa macneheedu yahay hal miniport qarsoon, ma aha akoonka. Akhri xaaladda adabtaraha ka hor intaadan dib u rakibin darawalka.
Qaboojinta ka hor inta aan la soo bandhigin aqoonsi, diidmada in borofilka la tirtiro, muujinta adabtar aan cidna aqoon magaciisa: kuwani waa saddex weji oo hal cillad ah. Isdhexgalka software-ka ee VPN-ku ku xirmaa waa xumaaday, halka akoonka iyo albaabku aan la taaban. Saddex hagaajin ayaa la difaaci karaa, oo midka khuseeya waxa uu ka soo baxaa hal baaritaan akhris-kaliya ah. Wax kasta oo ka dambeeya baaritaankaas waa xisaab; wax kasta oo ka horreeya waa qiyaas.
Waxa borofilku dhab ahaan ku xirmo
Nooc kasta oo tunnel asal ah oo Windows ah waxaa u adeega adabtarkiisa farsamada ah, adabtarradaasna waa darawallo miniport ah ee ma aha kaarar jireed. Borofilku wuxuu dooranayaa nooc tunnel, noocu wuxuu dooranayaa adabtar, sidaas darteed hal darawal aan caafimaad qabin ayaa jebin kara borofil kasta oo la wadaaga, halka wadaagga faylalka iyo baarista ay sii socdaan. Ku-tiirsanaantu waa mid aan lagu arkin sifooyinka borofilka.
Isdhexgalkaani waxay ahaanayaan kuwo qarsoon si caadi ah, labadaba Maareeyaha Aaladda iyo liiska adabtarrada. Sidaas ayaa mid jaban u sii ahaanayaa mid aan la arkin, halka milkiilaha mishiinka uu ku adkaysto in aanay waxba is beddelin.
Calaamad digniin waa caddayn faa'iido leh, calaamad nadiif ahna ma aha. Adabtar wuxuu isku soo wari karaa in uu caafimaad qabo oo weli qaadi karaa xiriir jaban, sidaas darteed su'aasha faa'iido leh waa waxa isdhexgalku ku xiran yahay, ma aha sida calaamaddu u eg tahay. Akhri xaaladda marka hore iyo xiriirada marka labaad, sababtoo ah calaamaddu waxay ka jawaabtaa su'aasha ugu xiisaha yar. Ka boodista habkaas ayaa beddela baaritaan toban daqiiqo ah galab dhan oo shaqo darawal ah.
Go'aanso xaaladda adabtaraha, ma aha koodhka qaladka
Lambarka qaladku wuxuu soo wariyaa tallaabada fashilantay oo waxna kama sheegto qaybta lugta leh. Qoondaynta cinwaannada, doorashada shahaadada iyo borotokoolka tunnelka mid kastaa wuxuu leeyahay lambarradiisa, caadi ahaan 720, 789 iyo 806, oo midkoodna saddexda ah ma aha caddayn ku saabsan miniport. Isticmaal lambarka si aad u dooratid baaritaanka xiga, ma aha inaad dooratid hagaajin.
U fiirsashada kala soocda way yar yihiin. Shaxdani waxay mid kastaa ku xirtaa tallaabo xigta oo akhris-kaliya ah:
| What you observe | What it implies | Read-only step |
|---|---|---|
| Every profile on one protocol fails | That protocol's miniport is unusable | Read the hidden adapter status |
| Adapter reports healthy, tunnel never starts | A binding is missing or disabled | List every binding on the adapter |
| Only the vendor client fails | The vendor adapter or its registered name | Read the vendor service key |
| The profile will not delete | The interface underneath is stuck | Confirm the adapter before removing the profile |
Nidaamka ayaa muhiim ah sababtoo ah dib u rakibidda darawalku waa gaabis oo carqaladaysa. In taas la sameeyo si loo hagaajiyo dhibaatada qoondaynta waxay qaadataa saacad oo waxna ma barato qofka xiga. Shaxdu waxay kaloo go'aamisaa baaxadda waxyeellada: hal borotokool oo ku jabay borofil kasta wuxuu tilmaamayaa darawalka, halka hal macmiil iibiyaha oo jabay oo ag taal borofillo asal ah oo shaqeeya uu tilmaamayaa isku-dhafka iibiyaha.
Laba akhris oo xalliya inta badan tigidhada
Labada akhrisba waa akhris-kaliya oo midkoodna ma taabanayo darawal. Kan koowaad wuxuu liis garaynayaa isdhexgalka miniport qarsoon iyo xaaladdooda, kan labaadna wuxuu liis garaynayaa waxa adabtar magac leh ku xiran yahay:
Get-NetAdapter -IncludeHidden | Where-Object InterfaceDescription -like 'WAN Miniport*' | Select-Object Name, InterfaceDescription, Status
Get-NetAdapterBinding -Name 'WAN Miniport (IKEv2)' -IncludeHidden -AllBindingsBeddel borotokoolka ay borofilkaagu isticmaasho, sababtoo ah liiska xiriirada IKEv2 waxna kama sheegto SSTP borofil. Xiriir ARP ama IPv4 oo la joojiyay, ama darawal shaandhayn dhinac saddexaad oo ku dheggan adabtaraha, ayaa joojin kara tunnelka ka hor inta uusan bilaaban. Muuqashada software amni liiskaas ma aha caddayn in uu yahay sababta, sidaas darteed caddee saamaynta ka hor intaadan wax joojin.
Adabtar caafimaad qaba wuxuu muujinayaa xiriirada aad filayso iyo shaandhayn aadan sharraxin karin. Marka liisku nadiif yahay, caddayntu waxay u guurtay darawalka laftiisa qaybta xigtana waa tan khuseysa.
Kaydi magaca adabtaraha iyo nooca darawalka ka hor intaadan ka saarin
Marka adabtaruhu runtii aan la isticmaali karin, hagaajinta caadiga ah waa in la ka dhigo mid la saari karo, la uninstall gareeyo, oo Windows loo ogolaado in uu dhismo cusub sameeyo marka xigta ee borofil u isticmaalo borotokoolkaas. Maareeyaha Aaladda ku cusboonaysii darawalka, ka dooro liis, nadiifi shaandhaha qalabka ku habboon, oo dooro adabtar Microsoft guud oo bixiya ikhtiyaarka uninstall.
Taas ka hor, qor waxa aad tirtirayso: magaca adabtaraha, nooca darawalka, bixiyaha iyo taariikhda. Hagaajin aan aad ka dib sharraxin karin lama celin karo, qiimaha caadiga ah ee hagaajin aan la sharraxinna waa isla mishiinka saddex jeer la hagaajiyay. Qalabka iibiyaha waxay qabtaan isla shaqada baaxad ballaaran waxayna macquul yihiin koox maamulan marka ay ka yimaadaan iibiyaha halkii ay ka iman lahaayeen muraayad. Qalab beddela faylalka binary ee darawalku wax ka badan ayuu beddelaa dib u rakibidda hal adabtar, sidaas darteed nooca qalabkana ku qor tigidhka.
Hal kiis oo iibiyaha ah wuxuu u baahan yahay hagaajin kale isla calaamadahaas. Macmiil adabtariisa ku diiwaan geliya magac bandhig oo leh tixraac rakibaha ayaa laga yaabaa in uusan ka shaqayn karin ka dib casriyeyn, hagaajintuna waxay tafatirtaa magacaas fure adeeg oo uu iibiyuhu leeyahay. Qiimuhu wuxuu qaataa magac adabtar caadi ah, macmiilkana ka dib waa la dib u bilaabaa:
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\CVirtA
DisplayName = Cisco Systems VPN Adapter for 64-bit WindowsFurahaas waxaa leh hal macmiil. Ma aha hagaajin Windows guud oo marnaba waa in aan lagu dabaqin mishiin aan shaqaysan macmiilkaas.
Ku xaqiiji borotokool labaad ka hor intaadan xirmin tigidhka
Hal isku-xirnaansho guulaysatay ayaa tijaabisa hal borotokool iyada oo maraysa hal adabtar, sidaas darteed wax ka yar bay caddaynaysaa inta muuqata. Dib u tijaabi borofilkii asalka ahaa, ka dibna mid labaad oo lagu dhisay nooc tunnel kale, oo dalbo in labaduba xirmaan. Haddii kaliya kan koowaad shaqeeyo, fashilka hadhay waa caddayn ku saabsan darawal ama siyaasad, ma aha isdhexgalka aad hadda dib u dhisatay.
Haddii cabashada asalka ahayd borofil aan la tirtiri karin, taasna dib u tijaabi, sababtoo ah borofil weli diida tirtirka ka dib marka adabtaruhu caafimaad qabo waa cillad kale oo shaqo dheeraad ah oo adabtaraha lagu sameeyo waa khasaare. Akoonka iyo albaabka ka fogee qoraalka haddii aanay wax u tilmaamayn. Tunnel ku dhinta ka hor aqoonsiga ayaa badanaa sharraxa mishiinka, qoraal daacad ahna wuxuu magacaabaa adabtaraha, borotokoolka iyo baaritaanka xaqiijiyay.