Ingabe kufanele unqongelele izingqimba ezimbili ze-VPN? Izimo ezintathu okufanele zihlolwe

Ngaphambi kokwengeza ingqimba yesibili yokubethela ku-VPN, phendula umbuzo owodwa ngobuqotho: yini umbonisi asenayo ngemva kokuba zombili izingqimba zenze umsebenzi wazo? Uma impendulo kuwumbhalo obethelwe wangaphakathi, ongashintshile, khona-ke ukunqwabelana kwathenga isikhathi futhi akukho okunye. Okulandelayo akusona isincomo, inqubo yesinqumo. Umdwebo ofanayo uba i-CPU emoshakele ekusetshenzisweni okukodwa kanye nempendulo efanele kokunye, futhi izimo ezintathu kuphela ezihlukanisa lezi zimbili.

Bhala lokho umbonisi akugcinayo

Rekhoda into isitha engayigcina namuhla, bese ilandelana kokususwa okuzoveza umbhalo osobala ekugcineni. Umhubhe wangaphandle ukhiqiza umbhalo obethelwe; lapho isivikelo sawo siphela, okusele umbhalo obethelwe womhubhe wangaphakathi, osavalwe. Ukususa isembozo akukona ukusombulula. Lowo musho uchaza ukunqwabelana, futhi usebenza kuphela uma ukhiye wangaphakathi usaphila. Ngomzuzu lapho izingqimba ezimbili zabelana nganoma yini, umugqa wesikhathi uwela emcimbini owodwa.

Ngakho-ke into ewusizo umugqa wesikhathi, hhayi umdwebo wamabhokisi. Engqimbeni ngayinye, bhala iphoyinti lokugcina, umnikazi wokhiye, ukuhlolwa kobuwena kanye nonyaka okulindeleke ukuthi umcabango wehluleke ngawo.

Indlela esebenzayo yokuhlola isitatimende sakho: cabanga ukuthi umbonisi uqopha konke futhi akaze anikezele. Ngaphansi kwalowo mcabango, ingabe umklamo usavikela umthwalo isikhathi sonke esidingekayo? Uma impendulo incike ekutheni umbonisi akhethe ukungagcini ithrafikhi, umklamo awunayo impendulo.

Isimo sokuqala: ingabe izingqimba ziyama ezindaweni ezahlukene?

Ukunqwabelana kuyazuzisa lapho izingqimba ezimbili ziphelela ezindaweni zokuthembela ezahlukene, isibonelo isango le-IPsec elilawulwa umhlinzeki phambi komhubhe wezinga lokusebenza ogcina ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho. Khona-ke ukwephula ingqimba yangaphandle kunikeza umbhalo obethelwe okwaziwa ukuthi uvulwe yikhasthi lakho kuphela, futhi umhlinzeki akaze abone umbhalo osobala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Beka zombili izingqimba esangweni elifanayo futhi leyo mpawu iyanyamalala. Noma ubani ophula ibhokisi ufunda ithrafikhi phakathi kwemisebenzi emibili yokusombulula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdwebo ubonisa izingubo ezingaki.

Hlola lokho ngesimo esifakiwe hhayi ngomklamo. Ku-Linux, ip xfrm state ibala yonke inhlangano yezokuphepha kanye namaphoyinti ayo okugcina, okunquma ukuthi ingqimba ngayinye ima kuphi ngempela.

Isimo sesibili: ingabe impahla yokhiye izimele ngempela?

Izingqimba ezimbili ezakhiwe ngesitifiketi esisodwa, ukhiye owabiwe ngaphambili oyedwa noma ilabhulali yomhlinzeki eyodwa ziyingqimba eyodwa enezinyathelo ezengeziwe. Khona-ke ukudalulwa kwesifakazelo esisodwa kuvula zombili, futhi iphutha elilodwa lokusebenzisa lisusa zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuzimela kufanele kubonakale ekucushweni, hhayi ukushiwo esilayidini.

Nalapha ukusungulwa kokhiye okuhlangene kweqa ukunqwabelana kwemihubhe. I-IKEv2 ingathwala ukushintshaniswa kokhiye okuningi ekuxoxisaneni okukodwa, ngakho iqembu lakudala kanye ne-KEM yangemva kwekhwantu zombili zingondla okhiye boseshini abafanayo esikhundleni sokuphothwa omunye komunye. Umphumela uyinhlangano eyodwa yezokuphepha okhiye bayo bincike kuzo zombili izimfihlo, futhi umhlaseli kufanele achithe zombili. Lokhu kuwukwakhiwa okubhaliwe okunokwakheka okuchaziwe, okuyinto okungeyona inqwaba yasekhaya yemikhiqizo emibili ye-VPN. Ku-strongSwan, swanctl --list-sas iphrinta isiphakamiso esixoxisiwe se-SA ngayinye, futhi ngale ndlela uqinisekisa okwagijima ngempela, hhayi okwakucushwe nguwe.

Isimo sesithathu: ingabe idatha iphila isikhathi eside kunomcabango wangaphandle?

Ingqimba okufanele ihlale iminyaka engamashumi amabili idinga impikiswano yeminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ukuqopha manje nokusombulula kamuva kushibhile, futhi yingakho ingqimba yangaphandle yakudala ingeke ithathwe njengesembozo sesikhashana esizungeze into enamandla kakhulu.

Buza ukuthi ukhiye ngamunye uba nokubuyiselwa nini, hhayi ukuthi isibethelo siphuliwe yini namuhla. Ukushintshaniswa kokhiye okumile okungenasifihlo sokubheka phambili kwehluleka emva kwesikhathi ngosuku lapho ukhiye oyimfihlo uwa khona. Isivumelwano sokhiye wesikhashana sehluleka kuphela ezeshini umhlaseli angazihlasela ngesikhathi zisaphila, noma lapho i-algorithm ngokwayo iba buthaka. Lowo mehluko unquma ukuthi ingqimba yangaphakathi isasiza yini ngonyaka ka-2040. Ubuye unqume ukuthi ingqimba yangaphandle ishintsha noma yini, ngoba ingqimba yangaphandle enempilo yokhiye ebuthakathaka nje iba iphoyinti lokuqala kakhulu emugqeni wesikhathi.

Yini okufanele yakhiwe esikhundleni lapho impendulo ingu-cha

Uma noma isiphi sezimo ezintathu sihluleka, shiya ukunqwabelana futhi usebenzise umzamo engqimbeni ethwala ngempela isidingo sempilo. Cusha ukushintshaniswa kokhiye okuhlangene kuprotocol osekuyisebenza kakade, gcina ukusebenzisa kusesikhathi, futhi bhala ukwakheka othenjile. Ukusho i-ML-KEM kudokhumenti yomklamo akusona isici sokuphepha, futhi i-FIPS 203 ichaza indlela yokufaka ukhiye, hhayi umhubhe wakho.

Lapho ingqimba yesibili izuza ngempela indawo yayo, yichaze njengokuvikela okujulile hhayi njengobufakazi. Bese uqinisekisa ukwakheka: liphi iphoyinti lokugcina eliphethe ukhiye upi, ubuwena buni obuhlolwa yilolo nalolo hlangothi, futhi umsebenzi onokufinyelela kukhonkolo angafunda ini. Umklamo ohlula leyo mibuzo emithathu ufanele i-CPU eyengeziwe. Ongehluli umane uwumdwebo.

Ngaphambi kwewindi loshintsho, thatha ithebula le-SA lamanje kanye neziphakamiso ezixoxisiwe, bese ukuthatha futhi bese uqhathanisa, ngoba ubufakazi obubalulekile ukuphela yilokho amadivayisi avumelana ngempela ngakho.