Ukulayisha nge-VPN kuncane kunokulanda? Thola ukuthi iyiphi imingcele ohlangabezana nayo

Iningi lemigqa yokufinyelela ayilingani, ngakho umhubhe ngokuvamile ulayisha kancane kunokulanda, futhi lokho kuyimpendulo elindelekile, hhayi iphutha. Umbuzo othakazelisayo ukuthi ukulayisha kwakho kukhawulwa umugqa, enye into esivele iwusebenzisa, noma ukugeleza okuma esikhundleni sokuhamba ngokulingana. Lezi zintathu zikhiqiza isikhalo esifanayo futhi zidinga umsebenzi ohlukile.

Imingcele emithathu ebukeka ifana kubha yenqubekela phambili

Umthamo ungowokuqala, futhi uyisici somkhiqizo wokufinyelela, hhayi umhubhe. Umgqa wokulayisha wamamegabhithi ambalwa uvamile kufayibha yasekhaya nakuzinhlelo eziningi zamaselula, futhi izindleko zokubethela zincane uma kuqhathaniswa nalelo gebe. Ukupakisha kunezela amabhayithi kupakethe ngayinye, okunciphisa ukusebenza okusizayo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi hhayi eyodwa kuphela, ngakho akukwazi ukuchaza ngokwako ukungalingani okukhulu.

Ukuncintisana kungokwesibili. Ukuvumelanisa kwefu, imitapo yezithombe nama-ejenti okubuyekeza alayisha ngesikhathi umshini ubonakala ungenzi lutho, futhi idivayisi yesibili kulowo mugqa yenza okufanayo. Umlayisise ukungokwesithathu: umgqa wokulayisha ogcwele ugxusha ithrafikhi esebenzisanayo ngemuva kwedatha enkulu, ngakho izingcingo ziyaphuka ngesikhathi ukudluliswa uqobo kubika inqubekela phambili enempilo.

Linganisa uhlangothi olulodwa ngesikhathi

Sebenzisa idivayisi efanayo, iphrofayela efanayo nendawo efanayo, futhi ungaze usebenzise izinhlangothi zombili ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle uma ukuncintisana kuyikho okufuna ukukubona. Misa ukudluliswa kwakho okuzikhethela ngaphambi komjaho wokuqala. Imijaho emibili enefulegi elilodwa phakathi kwayo ixazulula okuningi.

iperf3 ithumela kusuka kuklayenti ngokuzenzakalela, ngakho umjaho ojwayelekile ulinganisa indlela yakho yokulayisha; -R ihlehlisa uhlangothi futhi ilinganise ukulanda. Zisebenzise ngokwehlukana ngamaminithi ambalwa futhi ubhale zombili izinombolo esikhundleni sokuthatha isilinganiso:

iperf3 -c speed.example.net -t 30 -P 4
iperf3 -c speed.example.net -t 30 -P 4 -R

Uma inombolo yokulayisha iyingxenye encane yenombolo yokulanda futhi ihlala inzile phakathi kwemijaho, isimo sihambisana nomugqa wokufinyelela ongalingani futhi umhubhe awuyona indaba. Uma ukulayisha kushintshashintsha phakathi kwemijaho noma kuwa ngemva kwemizuzwana eyishumi, qhubeka ufunda.

Nquma ngokuthi ukulayisha kushintsha kuphi

Shintsha okuguqukayo okukodwa ngesikhathi bese ubheka ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi olunyakazayo. Indawo yokugcina ye-VPN yesibili elayisha kangcono ikhomba kuleyo ndawo noma endleleni eya kuyo. Ukulayisha okunensayo okufanayo okuvela kudivayisi yesibili kulowo mugqa kukhomba umugqa. Enye idivayisi komunye umugqa nayo enensayo ikhomba kunqubomgomo yokungena yendawo, ongakwazi ukuyilungisa endaweni.

Bhala amabhayithi ngomzuzwana nesikhathi esidlulile somthwalo womsebenzi ofanayo, hhayi iphuzu elilodwa lejubane. Iklayenti lesipele kanye nokuhlolwa kwejubane kusebenzisa izindawo kanye nokuhlangana okuhlukile, ngakho ukuqhathanisa izinombolo zazo akuphenduli lutho. Uma izicelo ezincane zilungile futhi ukudluliswa okukhulu kuphela okukhasayo, umngcele mhlawumbe awuwona nhlobo umkhawulokudonsa.

Ekushintsheni kwansuku zonke, ukukhawulela ukulayisha kwangemuva noma ukukuhlela ngaphandle kwamahora emihlangano kaningi kusiza kakhulu kunanoma yiluphi ukulungiselela komhubhe. Hlola lolo shintsho ngomthwalo womsebenzi ohlanganisiwe: isipele esiqeda kamuva kodwa esingasalideli izingcingo ngokuvamile siwukuhweba okungcono.

Lapho ukuma kunqoba ukunensa

Ukudluliswa okubanda endaweni ephindekayo bese kuqhubeka kuziphatha njengenkinga ye-MTU yendlela, hhayi umngcele wejubane. Umhubhe unciphisa umthwalo osizayo kupakethe, futhi idivayisi elahla umlayezo we-ICMP ovelayo ishiya umthumeli ekuqageleni. Lelo phethini lifanelwe ukuhlolwa kwalo, ngoba ukulungisa kwehlukile ekulungiseni ijubane. Inombolo ephansi ezinzile ikhomba umthamo, kanti ukuqhuma okulandelwa ukuthula kukhomba umthwalo indlela engakwazi ukuwuthwala.

Hlola indlela ngomthwalo ongafanele uhlukaniswe, bese uqhathanisa i-MTU yesikhombisi somhubhe nenani elidlulayo:

ping -M do -s 1400 -c 3 203.0.113.10
ip link show dev tun0 | grep -o "mtu [0-9]*"

Uma isihloli esikhulu sinyamalala kuyilapho esincane siphumelela, qinisa i-TCP MSS kumhubhe esikhundleni sokwehlisa i-MTU yesikhombisi sayo yonke iphrothokholi. Ukuma okuqhubekayo ngemva kwalelo phuzu kungokwesitoreji noma ijubane lohlelo olwamukelayo, hhayi indlela yenethiwekhi.

Yini okufanele ishintshwe futhi yini okufanele ishiywe

Shintsha izinto ozilawulayo: izinhlelo zokudluliswa kwangemuva, ukukhethwa kwendawo yokugcina kanye ne-MSS yendlela emayo. Gcina ushintsho ngalunye lubuyiselwa futhi lukhawulelwe kumthwalo womsebenzi owodwa. Shiya izinto isilinganiso esithi zilungile, kuhlanganise nejubane lokulanda eselivele lihambisana nomugqa.

Bhala izinombolo zangaphambi nangemuva kanye nephrofayela, indawo yokugcina nesikhathi sosuku, ngoba inkinga yokulayisha ehamba nendawo yokugcina iwumbuzo wokuhlela, kanti eyahamba nedivayisi ingeyasekhaya. Lowo mbhalo yiwo oguqula isikhalo esingacacile sibe isinqumo, futhi kubiza imijaho emibili yomyalo ofanayo.