Bhala isifinyezo sedizayini ye-VPN umuntu angasibuyekeza ngempela

Iningi lokubuyekezwa kwedizayini liyagxeka embuzweni wokuqala, ngoba isicelo sichaza umkhiqizo hhayi isinqumo. Isifinyezo esibiza imigudu, abanikazi kanye nokuziphatha kokwehluleka singaphendulwa emhlanganweni owodwa. Isifinyezo esithi yakha i-VPN ephephile asikwazi kuphendulwa nhlobo. Dlula izihlolo eziyisithupha ngezansi ngaphambi kokuthumela noma yini, futhi ukubuyekezwa kuphenduka ukuqhathanisa esikhundleni sengxabano.

Okokuqala, ingabe umbuzo uyisinqumo noma isifiso

Isinqumo sinezinye izindlela kanye nokubhekwa okungazokhetha phakathi kwazo. Uma ungakwazi ukubiza ukuthi uzobheka ini ukuze ukhethe okukodwa, umbuzo usengisifiso. Qala ngokubhala ezinye izindlela, ngisho uhlu lunezinto ezimbili kuphela. Bese ubhala ukuvumelana okuzihlukanisayo.

Isifiso futhi sijwayele ukufihla izilaleli. Shono ukuthi ubani kufanele agunyaze idizayini, ngoba isifinyezo esifanayo sifundwa ngendlela ehlukile umnikazi wenethiwekhi, umbuyekezi wezokuphepha kanye nomgunyazi wezezimali.

Ma ema lapha uma impendulo inguvela muntu, ngoba isinqumo esingenaye umnikazi sizokwenziwa kabusha yilowo okhalaza kakhulu. Lokho kuyinkinga yokuphatha hhayi inkinga yedizayini.

Okwesibili, biza imigudu kanye nokwenqatshwa

Bhala umthombo, indawo okuyiwa kuyo kanye nohlelo lokusebenza kwakho konke ukuhamba okufanele kusebenze. Bese ubhala imigudu okufanele iqhubeke yehluleka, ngoba idizayini evumela wona buthule isishintshile isidingo ngaphandle kokusho. Ukweqana kwamakheli nokufinyeleleka phezulu kukuleli hlu njengemingcele hhayi njengezinto ezimangazayo.

Yiba nembe kakhulu ngendlela. Isayithi engaqala ukuxhumana iye endlini enkulu ingenye idizayini kunesayithi engamukela kuphela, futhi umehluko ubonakala kuwo wonke umthetho owubhalayo kamuva.

Qaphela namaklayenti kanye nesimo sawo sokuphathwa, ngoba idivayisi ephethwe ene-ejenti ingenza okungenakwenziwa yikhompyutha ephathwayo oyilethe ngokwakho.

Gcina uhlu lufushane ngokwanele ukuthi lungahlolwa. Imigudu eyishumi ongayiqinisekisa ingcono kunamashumi amane ongakwazi ukuyiqinisekisa.

Isihlolo 3: hlukanisa amaqiniso nemibono

Maka sonke isitatimende osiqinisekisile, futhi umake nalezo ongaziqinisekisanga. Ukukhethwa kwamakheli omphakathi, umthamo okhona kanye nokufinyelela komlawuli yimibono emithathu evame ukushintsha impendulo. Uma eyodwa yazo ingaziwa, shono ukuthi idizayini ishintsha kanjani lapho ivezwa kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi.

Inethiwekhi eyisibonelo ilungile inqobo nje uma imakiwe. Inkinga igatsha elicatshangelwayo elithola buthule ukuxhumana kwesibili phezulu noma ibulokhi lamakheli omphakathi elingakaze libe nayo.

Qinisekisa umbono ongawuhlola ngaphambi kokubuyekezwa, ngoba iqiniso elilodwa elilinganisiwe lisusa igatsha lonke lengxoxo.

ip route get 10.50.0.10
traceroute -n -m 6 10.50.0.10
nc -vz 10.50.0.10 443

Okwesine, bhala inkontileka yokwehluleka

Shono ukuthi kwenzekani lapho umhubhe uwile, futhi ucace mayelana nezithembiso ezimbili ezihlukene. Ukubuyisela ukuxhumana okusha ngemva kokuxhuma kabusha kulula ukukuthembisa. Ukugcina amaseshini asevele asungulwe phakathi kokwehluleka iyimfuno enamandla kakhulu, futhi ikhawulela ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe.

Bese unquma indlela yokubuyela emuva: vimba ithrafikhi, yiqondise ngomunye umgudu ogunyaziwe, noma wenze okunye kuhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye. Ukubuyela buthule endleleni eqondile nakho kuyisinqumo sedizayini ngisho noma kungekho obhale.

Engeza umgomo wokubuyisela ngolimi olulula, njengokuthi isayithi lingasebenza isikhathi esingakanani esimweni esinciphile, nokuthi ubani omenyeza isigameko.

Isihlolo 5 no-6: khetha umthungo futhi urekhode ushintsho

Khetha umthungo owodwa ozoxoxisana ngawo, ngoba ukubuyekezwa okuzama ukuxazulula konke akuxazululi lutho. Ukuhlela, ukugunyaza nokubethela kuyimithungo emithathu ehlukene, futhi isifinyezo kufanele sisho ukuthi umbuzo umayelana nokupi. I-RFC 4301 iyisikhumbuzo esiwusizo lapha, ngoba ihlukanisa izinqumo zenqubomgomo, ithrafikhi evikelekile kanye nezinhlangano zokuphepha esikhundleni sokuzithatha njengento eyodwa.

Bese urekhoda okwashintsha ngemva kwesinqumo, kuhlanganise nemibono ebuyekezwe. Lowo mbhalo yiwona owenza ukubuyekezwa okulandelayo kube kufushane.

git diff --stat design/vpn-brief.md
grep -n 'assumption' design/vpn-brief.md
ip route get 10.50.0.10

Isifinyezo esidlula izihlolo zoyisithupha sidala umbuzo onempendulo: idizayini ihlangabezana nemigudu eshiwo kanye nenkontileka yokwehluleka, noma umkhawulo obiziwe uyivimbela. Lapho umkhawulo ushintsha kamuva, umbhalo ubonisa ukuthi yisiphi isinqumo okufanele sibuyekezwe futhi yisiphi esingahlala. Lokho kwenza lo msebenzi ube ngowokuphinda usetshenziswe hhayi ingxabano yesikhathi esisodwa.