Iklayenti lesibili le-VPN lephule eyokuqala: thola insiza eyabiwe

Izolo iklayenti lokuqala lalisebenza. Namuhla elisha lifuna uxhumano kuyilapho iphrofayela endala ima esigabeni eyayikudlula ngaphambili ngaphandle kwesikhalo. Imininingwane yokungena ayivamisile ukuhileleka, futhi isango ngokuvamile alinacala. Okushintshile ukuthi amastakhi amabili e-VPN manje afuna insiza efanayo ekhethekile, futhi ukulungiswa kuncike ekutheni uyisho yini. Dabula izingqimba esikhundleni sokufaka kokubili kabusha.

Dabula izingqimba ezine ngokulandelana

Umkhiqizo we-VPN udinga izinsiza ezine ezingashayisana: isevisi yangemuva evamise ukwenqaba ukusebenza kabili, iphothi elingaguquki, i-adaptha ebonakalayo noma isihlungi se-kernel esibona ithrafikhi ngaphambi kwethebula lomzila, nelungelo lokufaka imizila ngaphambi koyokuzenzakalela. Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi eyehluleka kuguqula ukungqubuzana okungacacile kube umbuzo owodwa onempendulo engahlolwa.

Xhumanisa uphawu nengqimba ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini. Iklayenti elingaqali likhomba isevisi; eliqala kodwa lingalokothi lixoxisane likhomba iphothi; elixhumayo kuyilapho elinye lilahlekelwa ukuxhumana konke likhomba isihlungi noma umzila ozenzakalelayo. Bhala lelo mephu, ngoba lisindisa ihora lokufaka izinhlelo kabusha ngethemba.

Qala ngensevisi engasebenzi kabili

Ku-Windows iklayenti lebhizinisi ngokuvamile lingaphezulu komhubhe, ngoba lifaka isevisi, idrayiva yesihlungi futhi ngesinye isikhathi umhlinzeki wemininingwane yokungena eceleni kwephrofayela. Bhala ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo ezisebenza ngaphambi koshintsho futhi ziphinde zisebenze ngemuva kwalo, bese uqhathanisa izinhlu ezimbili esikhundleni sokuqalisa kabusha kuze kusebenze okuthile. Izinsizakalo zingakwazi futhi ukukhipha enye kwenye ngokuncika, lapho ukuqala kwenye kumisa enye, futhi iphethini efanayo ivela ku-macOS ngemisebenzi ye-launchd nedaemon eyabiwe. Iklayenti eliqala futhi liphume phakathi namasekhondi libika ubunikazi, hhayi ukulungiselelwa.

Funda isimo sesevisi kanye nelogi yayo ngaphambi kokufunda iphrofayela. Isevisi eyaqala yama phakathi nomzuzu ofanayo iyiphethini okufanele uyifune, futhi ilogi yayo yezehlakalo isho igama lokuncika eyayixoshile. Iphrofayela ayikwazi ukulungisa inqubo engasebenzi, futhi isikhathi esichithwe ekuhleleni yona asichithwanga ekungqubuzaneni kwangempela.

Bese ubuza ukuthi iphothi elikabani

Ubunikazi bephothi ubufakazi obucacile kakhulu ozobuthola, ngoba ukwehluleka kokubopha kubiza ukungqubuzana ngqo. Izinhlelo ezimbili ze-IKE azikwazi ukuphendula zombili ekhelini lendawo elilodwa kanye nephothi ye-UDP efanayo, futhi akukho inani lokuzama kabusha elishintsha lokho.

Get-NetUDPEndpoint -LocalPort 500,4500 | Select-Object LocalAddress,LocalPort,OwningProcess
netstat -ano | findstr :500
sudo lsof -nP -iUDP:500
ss -lunp | grep -E ':500|:4500'

Noma yimuphi umugqa ohambisana nenkundla yakho, impendulo oyifunayo inqubo kanye nesevisi eyayizalile. Uma umlaleli kuyisevisi ye-IKE eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, iklayenti lesibili lingumgxeki; uma kuyi-ejenti yomhlinzeki, iklayenti elakhelwe ngaphakathi lingumgxeki. Nquma ukuthi yiluphi oluvunyelwe ukuqala lapho ungena bese uvala ukuqalisa okuzenzakalelayo komunye esikhundleni sokumbulala isikhathi ngasinye.

Idrayiva yesihlungi ihlala ngaphansi kwemizila yakho

Idrayiva yesihlungi senethiwekhi ibamba ithrafikhi phakathi kwe-adaptha kanye nenqwaba yephrothokholi, ngakho ingabhala kabusha noma ivimbe amaphakethe noma yini ethebulu lomzila eliyishoyo. Yile ndlela umzila obonakala ulungile ongashaywa indiva, futhi yisizathu sokuthi i-ping ephumelelayo ingahlala eduze kwesiphequluli esingakwazi ukulayisha lutho.

Izingxenye zomhlinzeki nazo zibophezela ekuxhumaneni okuthile. Isihlungi esidala esiboshelwe ku-adaptha eyodwa singavimbela iphrofayela elungile ukuthi liqedele ukuxhawula kwalo, futhi ukukhulula leyo ngxenye ezimweni ze-adaptha kuncane futhi kuyahlehliswa kalula kunokususa umkhiqizo ngokuphelele. Njengoba ukubopha kungokwako konke ukuxhumana, qhathanisa ama-adaptha hhayi inqwaba yonke.

Nquma ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo ophethe ukuqalisa, bese ukubhala phansi

Ukuphila ndawonye kuyenzeka kuphela lapho amaklayenti amabili, ngokomklamo, ahlala ezingqimbini ezahlukene, njengenqwaba ye-IPsec eceleni kweproksi ephethe ithrafikhi yezinhlelo kuphela. Lapho kokubili kufuna iphothi elifanayo, ingqimba yesihlungi efanayo noma ilungelo lokushicilela umzila ozenzakalelayo, zizoqhubeka zishintshana futhi ukwehluleka ngakunye kuzobonakala njengephutha elisha.

Khetha umnikazi ngamabomu. Izimo ezisinda ekuqaliseni kabusha zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa iklayenti lesibili ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo, ukuligcina kuhadiwe elikhethekile, noma ukulinganisa kuklayenti elilodwa elikhuluma zombili izimiso. Ukuvala ukuqalisa okuzenzakalelayo nesevisi yohluliwe kushintsho oluncane kunokwakha kabusha ithebula lomzila ngemuva kwakho konke ukuqalisa, futhi kuhlehliswa ngokuhlela okukodwa kwezilungiselelo.