Ukungena ku-VPN ngesitifiketi ku-Mac: ubunikazi, ukusetshenziswa kokhiye noma ukwethemba isango?
Izinqumo ezintathu zilele ngemuva kokungena ngesitifiketi: ukuthi yibuphi ubunikazi obukhethwayo, ukuthi ingxenye ye-VPN ingawusebenzisa yini ukhiye wayo, nokuthi isango liyethenjwa yini.
Ukungena ku-VPN okusekelwe esitifiketini kucela ku-Mac into encane kunephasiwedi: sebenzisa lo khiye oyimfihlo othile, kulesi simo sokwenziwa, ukuze ufakazele ubunikazi kwilelo sango. Uma kwehluleka, umyalezo uvame ukuchaza kuphela into yokugcina eyahamba kabi, futhi lokho akuvamisile ukuba yimbangela. Ukuhamba kwezinqumo ezintathu ngokulandelana okuthathwa yisistimu kugcina ukuxilongwa kwethembekile, futhi kuvimbela ukuthi inkinga yemvume yasendaweni ithathwe njengokwehluleka kokuqinisekisa uchungechunge.
Hamba ngokungena ngokulandelana okwenza i-Mac
Okokuqala iklayenti likhetha ubunikazi: isitifiketi esibhangqwe nokhiye oyimfihlo osebenzisekayo, esitholakala ngesitore noma ngumnikezeli wemininingwane yokuqinisekisa osekelwe. Bese ingxenye ye-VPN icela ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi wokubhala ngokufihla ngalowo khiye, futhi imodeli yemvume yasendaweni iyaphendula. Kuphela uma kokubili kuphumelela lapho ukuxhawulana kude kwenzeka khona, lapho i-Mac ihlola isango futhi isango lihlola ubufakazi beklayenti.
| Decision | Typical symptom | Where to look |
|---|---|---|
| Identity selection | No valid identity, wrong certificate offered | Profile and which identity the client picked |
| Local key use | Signing or interaction error before any handshake | Execution context and key access rules |
| Remote authentication | Chain, name or client-admission rejection | Gateway identity and what it accepts |
Funda ithebula kusuka phezulu kuya phansi futhi ume emugqeni wokuqala ohlulekayo. Konke okungaphansi kokwehluleka akukafakazelwa, yingakho “isitifiketi asithenjwa” kuyisiphetho esivamile kangaka nesingathenjwa kangaka.
Imvume yasendaweni imboza ini ngempela
Emodelini yechungechunge lo-khiye ye-macOS, izinto ezivikelwe zithwala imithetho yokufinyelela eqondene nomsebenzi kanye nohlu lwezinhlelo ezithenjwayo. Ukusayina ngokhiye oyimfihlo kungomunye wale misebenzi, futhi imithetho isebenza kufayela elisebenzayo elikwenzayo, hhayi esitifiketini njengombhalo. Isiqondiso sika-Apple sokulawula ukufinyelela futhi sidweba umugqa phakathi kwale modeli nechungechunge lo-khiye le-iCloud kanye namalungiselelo amaqembu okufinyelela, ngakho iseluleko esibhalelwe eyodwa asidluleli kwenye.
Imiphumela emibili iyalandela. Isitifiketi esidlangalaleni esibonakala ohlwini asifakazi ukuthi ingxenye yangemuva ye-VPN ingafinyelela kulowo khiye nhlobo. Futhi imvume enikezwe uhlelo lwangaphambili ayisho lutho ngomsizi ohlukile noma isandiso senethiwekhi, ngoba iyikhodi ehlukile enobunikazi obuhlukile.
Khomba ukuqaliswa kwangempela kanye nendlela yako esekelwe yokwabelana ngemininingwane yokuqinisekisa esikhundleni sokukopisha indlela yefayela elisebenzayo kuklayenti elidala. Qala uqinisekise ukuthi iyiphi i-ID isistimu ezoyinikeza:
security find-identity -v -p ssl-clientUkufunda errSecInteractionNotAllowed
Leso simo sibika ukuxhumana okungavunyelwe ne-Security Server, futhi asisho lutho ngamakhonkco ezitifiketi. Sifunde kanye nomsebenzi owasikhiqizayo: isicelo sokusayina esikhishwe esimweni esingakwazi ukubonisa isikhangiso sizohluleka ngale ndlela ngisho lapho ukhiye nesitifiketi kokubili kusemthethweni ngokuphelele. Indawo yokuqala umsebenzi owasibhalayo, hhayi isitore sesitifiketi. Noma yini oyishintshayo ema-ankeni okwethemba izoshiya iphutha khona lapho belikhona.
Ngakho thatha ikhodi njengesizathu sokuhlola isimo sokwenziwa kanye nemvume. Ukuyithatha njengobufakazi bokuthi i-CA yesango ayithenjwa kukuhambisa engxenyeni engalungile yenkinga, futhi ushintsho olwenzayo lapho ngeke luthinte iphutha nhlobo.
Lungisa ngobuningi obuncane, hhayi ngobubanzi
Qala ngemiyalelo yokubhalisa noma yokungenisa yomnikazi woxhumano. Bhala inguqulo yeklayenti, ububanzi bephrofayela, ubunikazi obukhethiwe kanye nephutha lokuqala lasendaweni elifanele, ngoba lamavesi amane yiwona adingwa ukudluliselwa kwabasekeli futhi ukuqhathanisa kwakamuva kuncike kuwo. Iphrofayela ephethwe noma ubunikazi obusekelwe ngezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kungase kudingeke ukuthi umlawuli noma umhlinzeki alungise ukudluliselwa, futhi akukho nani lokuchofoza kwasendaweni elingathatha isikhundla salokho.
Lapho umkhiqizo ulindele imvume yomsebenzisi, qinisekisa ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ecela futhi vumela leyo mvume kuphela ngokugeleza okusekelwe. Lapho ingxenye ingenayo indlela yokuphakamisa isikhangiso esimweni esisebenza kuso, ukuhlinzeka kufanele kulandele indlela ebhalwe ngumdayisi, hhayi ingxoxo edonswe kwelinye iwindi lethemineli.
Izinguquko ezimbili zihlanganiswa ndawonye ezelulekweni zakudala, futhi zombili zibanzi kakhulu. Ukunikeza wonke uhlelo ukufinyelela kukhiye oyimfihlo kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kokhiye kwasendaweni ngaphezu kwesidingo, futhi ukubeka isitifiketi ku-Always Trust kushintsha ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi kukho konke emshinini. Akukho nokukodwa okukhombisa “loku kuqaliswa kwe-VPN okuvunyelwe, kusetshenziswa lobu bunikazi obuhlosiwe”.
Hlola endaweni ngaphambi kokufunda isango
Ngemuva kokulungiswa, qinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wasendaweni uyaphumelela ngaphambi kokuhumusha noma iyiphi impendulo evela ngakolunye uhlangothi. Uma ukusayina manje kusebenza, ukunqatshwa kwegama, kochungechunge noma kokwamukelwa kweklayenti okulandelayo kuwumphumela omusha hhayi ukuphindeka, futhi kungokwesinye isinqumo esinomunye umphathi.
Ukudluliselwa okusizayo kubeka ukuthi yisiphi kwezinqumo ezintathu esihlulekile futhi kume lapho. Akukaze kufake ukhiye oyimfihlo, futhi akukaze kusetha kabusha izinto zechungechunge lo-khiye ezingahlobene ngethemba lokuthi isimo esihlanzekile sizosiza. Beka leyo mikhuba emibili ngaphambi kwesigameko hhayi phakathi kwaso, lapho isilingo sokuzama konke ngesikhathi esisodwa sinamandla kakhulu. Ithikithi elithi “ichungechunge lo-khiye lakhiwe kabusha” alitsheli umfundi olandelayo cishe lutho ngokonakala kwasekuqaleni.