L2VPN, VPLS, EVPN: igama akulona usizo
Isifinyezo efomini le-oda sibiza umndeni, ukuziphatha kokudlulisa noma indawo yokulawula. Imibuzo emine iyahlukanisa ngaphambi kokuthi uqhathanise izilinganiso ezimbili.
Ufunda «L2VPN» esilinganisweni, bese «VPLS» ephepheni lokuhlela, futhi ucabanga ukuthi igama lesibili linciphisa elokuqala. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenza kanjalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imigqa emibili iphendula imibuzo engahlobene. Umbono oyiphutha ukuthatha la magama njengezitebhisi zokwenyuka kusuka kokuyisisekelo kuya kokuthuthukile. I-L2VPN iwumndeni, i-VPWS ne-VPLS ziyizimo ezimbili zensizakalo ngaphakathi kwawo, futhi i-EVPN iyindlela yendawo yokulawula engathwala noma iyiphi yazo.
Isifinyezo ngasinye siphendula umbuzo ohlukile
Qala ngalokho okumele kukwenze ukuxhumana kwekhasimende, ngoba lowo umbuzo okuwukuphela kwawo ophendulwa imodeli yensizakalo. Isifunda sephoyinti-kuya-phoyinti phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili kanye nengxenye ye-Ethernet eyabiwe ezindaweni eziyishumi kuyimikhiqizo ehlukile, noma yomibili ithengiswa njengokuxhumana kwesendlalelo 2.
| Name | Question it answers | What it does not tell you |
|---|---|---|
| L2VPN | Which family of services carries Ethernet frames | Point-to-point or multipoint |
| VPWS | A pair of attachment circuits behaves as one wire | Which control plane builds it |
| VPLS | Many attachments share a bridged broadcast domain | Whether MAC learning is limited or flooded |
| EVPN | BGP distributes MAC and IP reachability | Which service model it is being used for |
Lelo thebula aliwona uhlelo lokwenyuka, futhi ukulifunda njengohlelo lokwenyuka kubangela iphutha elivamile lokuthenga: ukuqhathanisa isilinganiso se-VPWS nesilinganiso se-VPLS sengathi esesibili inguqulo ephelele yokuqala. Zixazulula izinkinga ezahlukene, futhi akukho eyodwa ewusethi okhudlula ngomqondo ocatshangwa abathengi.
I-VPWS ne-VPLS zihlukana esinqumweni sokudlulisa
Emsizeni wekhebula yangasese ebunzimeni, ukuxhumana kukhetha iphoyinti lokugcina elikude. Ithrafikhi efika kuleyo phothi iphuma iya ephothini elihambisanayo, futhi unqenqema lombhali akudingeki ukuthi afunde ukuthi imaphi amakheli e-MAC angemuva kwayo esinqumweni esiyisisekelo sokudlulisa.
Ku-VPLS, unqenqema lombhali wenza ibhuloho. Ihlola ikheli le-MAC okuyiwa kulo lesigaba ngasinye, ifunda amakheli omsuka okuxhumana ngakunye, futhi ithululela izindawo ezingaziwa ngaphakathi kwe-LAN eyenziwe yafana. Yikho okwenza insizakalo iziphathe njenge-LAN, futhi yikho futhi okuvela kulo imikhawulo yokusebenza.
Umdwebo obonakala unamaphoyinti amaningi awufakazi ukuthi zonke izindawo zabelana ngesizinda esisodwa sokusakaza. Abahlinzeki ababili bangadweba ifu elifanayo futhi bathengise isizinda esisodwa esinebhuloho noma imifunda eminingi yephoyinti-kuya-phoyinti, futhi umehluko ubonakala kuphela lapho ukusakaza, isigaba se-unicast esingaziwa noma ukuhamba kwe-MAC kwenda ngaphesheya komkhawulo wendawo. I-ping yokusakaza phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili iphendula umbuzo ngokushesha kunanoma isilayidi sesakhiwo. Uma izimpendulo zivela kuyo yonke enye indawo, unebhuloho elilodwa; uma kuphela umbhangqwana ophendulayo, unekhebula elilodwa.
I-EVPN iyindawo yokulawula, ayisona isakhiwo
Isicaciso esiyisisekelo se-EVPN, i-RFC 7432, sichaza izinqubo ze-Ethernet VPN ezisekelwe ku-BGP MPLS: ukufinyeleleka kwe-MAC kumenyezelwa ku-BGP esikhundleni sokufundwa kuphela ngokuthululela indawo yedatha. Bese i-RFC 8214 icacisa ukusekelwa kwe-VPWS ngokusebenzisa i-EVPN, futhi yilowo phoyinti ophula imodeli yezitebhisi. Indawo yokulawula efanayo isebenzela insizakalo yephoyinti-kuya-phoyinti kanye nensizakalo yamaphoyinti amaningi.
Ngakho-ke «sisebenzisa i-EVPN» akusona impendulo ku-«sithenge ini». Umbhali kusamele asho ukuthi insizakalo iwumbhangqwana wokuxhumana noma ibhuloho elabiwe, nokuthi ukuthutha yi-MPLS, i-VXLAN noma okunye. Lezo zinqumo zihlala emibhalweni ehlukene nasezingxenyeni ehlukene zokuhlela.
Kumsebenzisi, umphumela ongokoqobo ukuthi ukukhetha i-EVPN kusenesikhathi kwenza izinguquko zensizakalo kamuva zibe zishibhile, ngoba ukufinyeleleka sekukhonjiwe esikhundleni kokuthululelwa. Akususisi isidingo sokuqala ukunquma imodeli yensizakalo, futhi akulungisi ibhuloho elihlelwe kabi.
I-MPLS iyindlela yedatha, ayisona isichasiso
Imibhalo yohlaka ichaza umndeni kanye nezidingo zawo; ayidingi ukugqonywa okukodwa. Ukugquma kwamalebula e-MPLS kuwukuthutha okuvamile kwalezi zinsizakalo, futhi akusiyo ukuphela. Insizakalo ekhonjiswe yi-BGP kanye nendlela yokudlulisa ye-MPLS kuyizinqumo zokuklama ezihlukene ezivamise ukuza ndawonye.
Uma umdayisi ethi «MPLS L2VPN», buza ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye echazwayo. Uma impendulo iwukuthutha kuphela, imodeli yensizakalo ayikacaci, futhi ukuziphatha kokuxhumana akukaziwa.
Imibuzo emine eguqula igama libe yisivumelwano
Buza ukuthi ukunikezela kuyini: iphothi, i-VLAN noma inqwaba ye-VLAN, futhi yikuphi okwazo okuvunyelwe ukukhuluma komunye nomunye. Buza ukuthi izindawo zabelana ngesizinda esisodwa sokusakaza yini, ngoba leyo mpendulo eyodwa inquma ukuthululela, imikhawulo ye-MAC kanye nokuziphatha komjikelezo.
Cela isabelomali sosayizi lwesigaba kusuka komunye umkhawulo kuya komunye, bese wengeza wena ukusetshenziswa okungeziwe kokugqonywa. Buza ukuthi kwenzekani uma ukuxhumana okukodwa kuhluleka, ukuthi ezinye ziyaqhubeka yini nokudlulisa, nokuthi umbhali uhoxisa ukufinyeleleka noma uyekela kuze kuphele isikhathi esibekiwe.
Bhala leyo zimpendulo zine eduze kwegama lomkhiqizo kurekhodi lakho. Uma isilinganiso esilandelayo sifika nesifinyezo esihlukile nentengo efanayo, ukuqhathanisa kuphenduka ukuqhathanisa kokuziphatha, futhi yikho kuphela okubikezela ukuthi inethiwekhi izokwenzani ngosuku olubi.