Ingabe umhlinzeki we-VPN wangaphandle angasicula isicelo sedatha saseMelika?
Ilebula lezwe lichaza okuncane kakhulu. Landela ibhizinisi lesivumelwano, okungakuthola, nokuthi umthetho waseMelika wokudalula onomkhawulo ugcina kuphi.
Amalebula ezwe axazulula umbuzo omncane kakhulu efayeleni lezomthetho lomhlinzeki. Izimo ezintathu zinquma ukuthi ikheli langaphandle lishintsha okuthile yini lapho isicelo sifika: ukuthi ibhizinisi elisamukelayo libophekile yini kuso, ukuthi lelo bhizinisi lingumnikazi noma lilawula irekhodi yini, nokuthi iyiphi isigaba serekhodi isicelo esiyifinyelelayo. Uma wehluleka kwesinye sazo, ilebula lihlobisa isiphetho ongasitholanga.
Zisebenzise ngalolo hlelo, ngoba ngayinye ingaqeda ukuhlaziya ngaphambi kokuba okulandelayo kuqale. Lokho okulandelayo yimephu yokucophelela okufanele, hhayi ukuhlelwa kwamazwe, ngomthetho owodwa waseMelika onomkhawulo oqinile osetshenziswe njengesibonelo.
Qala ngebhizinisi elishiwo esivumelwaneni
Isivumelwano sekhasimende sisho ibhizinisi, futhi yilolo bhizinisi eliphethe ubudlelwano nawe. Uphawu kuwebhusayithi lungase lube lolwenye inkampani engumzali, umhubhe ungasetshenziswa inkampani engaphansi, futhi ukukhokhisa kungaba kumthengisi ophinde athengise noma kusikhungo sokukhokha esibhaliswe kwenye indawo. Cela igama elisemthethweni nenombolo yokubhalisa ephrintiwe ku-invoyisi, bese ubuza ukuthi yiliphi kulezi zinhlangano eliphendula incwadi yasenkantolo. Uphawu olwabiwe akuchazi lutho kulokhu.
Hlukanisa izindawo ezine ngenkathi usebenza: lapho inkampani ibhaliswe khona, lapho amakheli okuphuma akhomba khona, lapho ihadiwe khona ngempela, nokuthi idatha ye-akhawunti icutshungulwa kuphi. Isitatimende esixazulula esisodwa salokhu asixazululi ezinye ezintathu, futhi umhlinzeki ophendula kuphela kokulula kukutshela ukuthi uqhubeke ubheke kuphi.
Ukuba nakho, ukugcina noma ukuphatha kunqoba indawo
Isibonelo saseMelika esinomkhawulo senza umehluko ube sobala. 18 USC 2713 sidinga abahlinzeki abahlanganiswa yileso sahluko ukuba bagcine futhi badalule ukuxhumana namarekhodi amakhasimende asekubeni kwabo, ekugcinweni kwabo noma ngaphansi kokuphatha kwabo, futhi umbhalo waso awuncikile ekutheni lawo marekhodi asekhaya noma ngaphandle. Isibopho sinamathela kumabhizinisi nasezigabeni zamarekhodi umthetho owufinyelela ngempela, futhi lokho kuyiqoqo elincane kunabo bonke abahlinzeki abakhangisa ikheli langaphandle.
Uhlu luphendula ngaphezu kwesiqubulo. Umhlinzeki ongawagcini ngempela amarekhodi okuxhumana akanakho angakugcina kuleso sigaba, kuyilapho lowo mhlinzeki efanayo angase abe nalo i-imeyili yokubhalisa, ithokheni yokukhokha nezilamathisi zosekelo eziwela ngqo esibophweni. Ukwamukela impendulo mayelana nokuloga ngaphandle kokubuza okunye okukhona kushiya iningi lefayela lingahloliwe. Isicelo sedatha akuvamisile ukuba sincike emhumeni kuphela.
Okubalulekile ukuthi ubani ongathola irekhodi, hhayi ukuthi idiski iseliphi izwekazi, futhi ibhizinisi elingalithola yilona okufanele lihlolwe. Ikhasi elibala amazwe okuphuma liphendula umbuzo ohlukile.
Hlanganisa isigaba serekhodi nalokho okunikezile
Ulimi lokugcina luvame ukubhalwa ngesigaba ngasinye, futhi ikhasi elijwayelekile lobumfihlo likususa kube yindima eyodwa ethembayo. Khipha imigomo eqondile futhi uphawule ukuthi ibalula izigaba zini. Bese uqhathanisa lolo hlu namarekhodi adalwa ukusetshenziswa kwakho, ngoba ukuhlangana kuphela okukuthintayo.
| Record type | Who tends to hold it | What the country label settles |
|---|---|---|
| Signup email and account metadata | Contracting entity or its identity provider | Nothing about retention |
| Payment instrument | Processor, reseller, or bank | Little; another company may answer first |
| Support attachments | Support desk, in-house or outsourced | Whether the desk belongs to the same entity |
| Tunnel connection records | Operator, if collected at all | Only whether collection is claimed |
| Device and app identifiers | App vendor | Which policy covers the app, not the tunnel |
Ngokuvamile imigqa emibili ixazulula umbuzo ongokoqobo. Izilamathisi zosekelo nemininingwane yokukhokha zikhona ngoba uwunikezile, ngakho ziyaqhubeka ngisho noma umhlinzeki ethi akulogi nhlobo. Amarekhodi okuxhumana yisigaba esiphikisanayo, futhi umhlinzeki othi akawagcini kufanele akwazi ukuchaza ukuthi ukukhokhisa kwakhe nokusingatha ukuhlukunyezwa kugwema kanjani ukuwadala.
Shiya iseli elingaziwa lingenalutho kumanothi akho esikhundleni sokuvumela impendulo eseduze ukuba igcwalise. Iseli elingenalutho lithembekile ukudlula ukuqagela okulethwe ezweni lokuphuma.
Beka izimo zontathu phambi komhlinzeki ngokubhaliwe
Buza ukuthi yiliphi ibhizinisi elamukela inqubo yezomthetho, ukuthi yiziphi izigaba lelo bhizinisi elingazithola ngaphandle kokubuza omunye umuntu, nokuthi umbiko waso wokukhanya ubala kanjani izicelo esizinqabayo noma esingakwazi ukuziphendula. Buza zontathu emlayezweni owodwa ukuze izimpendulo ziqhathaniseke. Impendulo ekhuluma ngezwe kodwa hhayi ngebhizinisi, noma ekhuluma ngebhizinisi kodwa hhayi ngesigaba, iphendule umbuzo ongawubuzanga. Ukuthula esimweni esisodwa kukona ngokwako kuyisitholakele.
Sebenzisa izimo ezifanayo emthethweni othembele kuwo. Isibopho sokudalula esibhalelwe isahluko esithile sibopha abahlinzeki abahlanganiswa yileso sahluko, futhi amazwi aso endawo akhuluma ngokuthi amarekhodi akhona kuphi, hhayi ukuthi iyiphi inkampani okufanele iphendule. Thatha isifinyezo esithembayo, kuhlanganise nalesi, njengesizathu sokufunda umbhalo olawula umhlinzeki wakho.
Bhala phansi ibhizinisi, izigaba kanye nomthetho owuhlolile, bese ufaka usuku kunothi. Lelo rekhodi liyaphila ngale kokushintshwa kwegama kanye nokubhalwa kabusha kwezentengiso, futhi linikeza ummeli noma umcwaningi okuthile okuqondile angakuqala ngakho lapho umbuzo ungasasebenzi njengokucatshangelwa.