Kungani i-L2VPN yakwaJunos ikhombisa ilebula kodwa ingadlulisi lutho

Imibiko yamakhasimende ifika ithi uxhumano lwe-L2VPN lukwi-Up, isixhumi sikhulile, futhi akukho fremu edlulayo. Izibani zesimo ziqotho; ifremu ihlukaniselwa insiza engenaso isimo sokudlulisa esisebenzisekayo ekugcineni okukude. Ku-L2VPN ye-point-to-point ekhonjiswe nge-BGP, isinqumo sokuqala ngesesixhumi hhayi esokusesha umzila. Ifremu yekhasimende ifika ku-interface enengqondo, futhi leyo interface ibiza uxhumano ngakho-ke nendawo ekude. Konke okulandela lokho yisimo sokudlulisa ngamalebula esakhiwe ngalokho okwamenyezelwa ontanga.

Ifremu ayikaze yenza ukusesha komzila

Ukukhombisa kusalungiselele isimo; ukucubungula iphakethe ngalinye ukusesha kwelebula kuxhumano oselukhethiwe kakade. Ngakho ukubuza ukuthi kungani umzila ungekho umbuzo ongafanele, futhi ufihla amanani amabili abalulekile: uxhumano lwesixhumi nelebula lensiza eliyisebenzisayo.

Lokho futhi kuchaza ukungalingani komzamo. Ukubuyekezwa kokuhlelwa kukutshela okwakufanele kufakwe, kuyilapho umbono woxhumano ukutshela okwasuselwa ngempela, futhi ngukho kuphela okusinda ekungafanini kwebhulokhi yamalebula.

Amalebula amabili, izikhombisi ezimbili

I-PE ngayinye yabela ibhulokhi yamalebula endaweni, yamemezela isisekelo nobukhulu bayo, futhi ontanga bayo banezela i-offset ukuze bathole ilebula yendawo ethile. Ngakho izabelo zibalulekile endaweni: ama-PE amabili angasebenzisa izisekelo ezihlukene nobukhulu bamabhulokhi obuhlukene ensizeni efanayo. Funda uxhumano kuzo zombili iziphetho ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini. Ibhulokhi elikalwe ngokushoda kwelebula elilodwa libukeka njengoxhumano olungakaze lufakwe.

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Kulokho okukhiphayo ilebula engenayo yileyo eyabelwe le PE futhi yatshelwa ontanga bayo ukuthi bayisebenzise, kuyilapho ilebula ephumayo iyabelo lontanga olugxunyekwa yile PE. Ukufunda zombili ngokuhlanekezela yiphutha lakudala, futhi kukuthumela ukufuna inani obekungafanele livele ngale. Isithenjwa soxhumano sichaza izinkambu eceleni kwamalebula, kuhlanganise indawo, isimo kanye nolwazi lwebhulokhi.

Ukusesha kwelebula kufakazelani

Uma usunenani elingenayo, ukusesha kwasekhaya wumyalo owodwa:

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Lokho okukhiphayo kufanele kukhombise ingeno ye-l2vpn ene-hop elandelayo, futhi ukusebenza kwelebula kukutshela ukuthi ifremu iyagxunyekwa, iyashintshwa noma iyakhishwa ngaphambi kokuhamba. Uma kungakhombisi lutho, isimo sensiza asikaze sifakwe nakuba uxhumano lukhombisa i-Up, futhi umehluko usekukhombiseni hhayi ekuthutheni.

Landela ifremu eyodwa

Iphakethe elilodwa eligxunyekwe esixhumini lixazulula okuningi kunanoma yikuphi ukubuyekezwa kokuhlelwa. Umzila welebula lensiza kufanele ukhombe ku-LSP yokuthutha eya ku-PE ekude, futhi amalebula amabili kufanele ahambisane namanani abikiwe ontanga. Uma ukuthutha kunempilo kodwa ilebula lensiza ingalungile, ifremu ifinyelela isihambisi esifanele bese ilahlwa lapho, yingakho izibali zekugcineni okukude zibonakala zingenalutho kuyilapho ezekugcineni okuseduze zibonakala zimatasa.

Hlola ukufakwa kwesixhumi, ukusethwa kwegama lokulawula kanye ne-MTU ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba lezi ziyizici okuxoxisanwe ngazo hhayi ukuziphatha kwehop ngayinye.

Gcina amamodeli ensiza ehlukene

I-VPLS ifunda amakheli e-MAC futhi i-EVPN imemezela iziphetho, kuyilapho i-L2VPN ye-point-to-point ingenzi kukho kokubili, ngakho izinqubo zazo zokukhetha ifremu azikwazi ukushintshana nakuba zigibela ingqalasizinda efanayo ye-BGP ne-MPLS. Ukuthutha isinyathelo sokuxazulula inkinga kusuka kwelinye imodeli kuya kwelinye kukhiqiza iziphetho eziqinisekile kodwa ezingenasisekelo.

Emzileni ongekho, rekhoda isimo soxhumano sazo zombili izintanga, isixhumi, izikhombisi zelebula ezimbili, ukufakwa, ukusethwa kwegama lokulawula kanye ne-MTU. Lokho kurekhodiwe kuxhumanisa okwamenyezelwa nalokho okwenziwa ngempela uhlaka lokudlulisa, okuwukuphela kwesixhumanisi esibalulekile, futhi yilokho futhi onjiniyela olandelayo abazokukubuza.