Ama-PE amabili, iphrephikhi eyodwa: kungani i-RD inquma ukubonakala
Amarutha amabili anqenekile akhuluma iphrephikhi efanayo ahlanganyela indawo eyodwa ngaphandle uma ama-route distinguisher awo ehlukile. Yabela ngamabomu, bese uhlola i-VRF.
Amarutha amabili anqenekile akhuluma iphrephikhi yeklayenti efanayo achaza indawo eyodwa ye-VPNv4 kuze kube yilapho okuthile kuwahlukanisa, futhi isihlukanisi yi-route distinguisher. Iyayifanelekela iphrephikhi; ayinqumi ukuthi ubani ongenisa umphumela, lowo ngumsebenzi we-route target. Yabela ama-RD kusuka eqoqweni lemizila okufanele ihlale ihlukaniseka kuyo yonke indawo lapho lezo zimemezelo zingahlangana khona, hhayi kusuka ekuhlelweni kwamafayela edivayisi eyodwa. Inombolo oyikhethayo iyingqinamba okuzoncika kuyo ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva, ngakho kufanele ibe kuhlu lwempahla ngaphambi kokungena kukho ukulungiselelwa.
I-RD nephrephikhi yindawo eyodwa
I-RD kanye nephrephikhi ye-IPv4 kwakha indawo ye-VPNv4 eqhathaniswa yipulani lokulawula. Nikeza ama-PE amabili iphrephikhi efanayo kumakhasimende ahlukene futhi, ngaphandle kwama-RD ahlukene, akhuluma imizila eya endaweni eyodwa. Akukho lutho esibukweni okukutshela ukuthi lokhu kuhlangana kweqembu akulungile, ngoba inkundla yenza ngqo lokho okushiwo yingqinamba. Shintsha i-RD kwelinye lawo futhi isimemezelo esidala siyahoxiswa kuyilapho ngaphansi kwenye ingqinamba kuvela esisha. Konke okusezansi okwakuncike kwingqinamba endala, kusuka ekukhethweni komzila kuya kusihlungi somsebenzi esigciniwe, manje sekubhekisa kokungasekho.
Imizila eminingi endaweni eyodwa iwukuziphatha okuvamile kwe-BGP, hhayi uphawu. Isikhulumi singagcina imizila eminingi etholiwe ngenkathi sikhetha umzila owodwa ongcono kakhulu wokudlulisa, futhi igebe phakathi kokutholiwe nokukhethiwe yilapho imibuzo yokubonakala ihlala khona. Uma umzila ubonakala unyamalele, qinisekisa ukuthi ingqinamba owawukuyo isekhona yini ngaphambi kokubheka isikhathi.
I-RD efanayo, indawo efanayo, imizila ehlukene
Thumela i-RD eyodwa nephrephikhi eyodwa kusuka kumarutha amabili egameni lomsebenzi ofanayo futhi womabili anikela ngemizila eya endaweni eyodwa, ngokuvamile ngamahophu alandelayo ahlukene. Ukuthi iyiphi i-route reflector eyidlulisayo kuyisinqumo mayelana ne-reflector: ukukhetha kwayo umzila, ikhono layo lokumemezela kanye nanoma iyiphi inqubomgomo ebekwe phezu kwayo. Awekho amarutha anqenekile alawula lokho kukhetha. Nikeza izimemezelo ezimbili ama-RD ahlukene futhi ngayinye iba yindawo yayo, ngakho zombili zingasinda kupulani lokulawula elithwala kuphela umzila okhethiwe wengqinamba eyodwa.
Ukubonakala kanye nemizila eminingi kuhlangana ku-VRF eyamukelayo, kodwa akusona isinqumo esifanayo, futhi i-reflector ethwala izingqinamba ezimbili ayikakalungiseleli umzila wesibili ofakiwe. I-VRF ifaka lokho okuvunyelwa inqubomgomo yayo yokungenisa kanye nalokho okuvunyelwa ukulungiselelwa kwayo komzila ophezulu. Hlola lokho kulungiselelwa ngokwehlukile uma ufuna umzila wesibili usetshenziswe hhayi nje ubonakale.
Umthetho wobunye bendawo awuwona inqubomgomo
Ukunikeza i-PE ngayinye kanye nensho ngayinye yomzila i-RD yayo kuwumkhuba onempilo: uqamba umsuka, uvimbela amasevisi angahlobene ukuthi angashayisani ngengqinamba eyodwa futhi unikeza uhlu lwempahla ukhiye ozinzile. Ezinye izinkundla zidinga ubunye ngaphakathi kwebhokisi kuphela futhi zivumela ngokusobala ukuthi amarutha abelane nge-RD yensho ye-VPN efanayo. Lokho kuvunyelwa kuwumkhawulo wokusetshenziswa, hhayi umthetho phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ongawunikeza umhlinzeki. Uma isifunda sihlanganisa amaqembu, bhala inqubomgomo yokwaba ngokwakho.
Ubulungu abukaze buvele ezinambeni. Iphethini efana ne-65000:12 ye-PE eyodwa ne-65000:13 kwenye iwumkhuba, kuyilapho izinhloso zokuthumela ngaphandle nokungenisa ezihambisanayo njenge-65000:112 yizo ezibeka umzila ku-VRF. Thatha i-RD njengengqinamba yomzila kanye ne-route target njengemvume eyiwuhambisa ku-VRF.
Fakazela ushintsho ku-VRF, hhayi esibukweni
Ngaphambi kokuthinta i-RD, bhala izinto ezine: okumemezelwa yi-PE namuhla, okubonakaliswa yi-reflector, okungeniswa yi-VRF eyamukelayo kanye nokuthi iyiphi imizila eyikhethayo. I-RD entsha ihoxisa isimemezelo esisodwa futhi yethula esinye, ngakho ushintsho lubonakala ezinhlangothini zombili zesikhathi futhi kulula ukusifunda kabi uma ubheka uhlangothi olumemezelayo kuphela. Ukwamukelwa kufanele kuncike ekufinyelelekeni obukufuna, hhayi emugqeni owengeziwe ovela ohlwini lwamaphrephikhi. Ithebula elingezansi livimbela izingqinamba ezintathu ukuthi zingaxubani phakathi nalokho kubuyekezwa.
| Identifier | Question it answers | What breaks when it is confused with another |
|---|---|---|
| Route distinguisher | Which route identity is this? | Two services collapse into one destination, so one advertisement withdraws the other |
| Route target | Who is allowed to import it? | Routes arrive in a VRF that should not have them, or never arrive at all |
| VRF import policy | What does this instance accept and install? | The route is visible on the PE but never selected in the VRF |
Qala ku-PE ememezelayo futhi uqhathanise zombili izingqinamba zephrephikhi efanayo ngaphambi kokususa noma yini. Imiyalo ye-IOS engezansi iphendula imibuzo emithathu ngokulandelana: ingabe isimemezelo esidala sisekhona, ingabe ingqinamba entsha iyabonakala ku-reflector futhi ingabe i-VRF iyayikhetha iphrephikhi.
show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 65000:12 203.0.113.0/24 show bgp vpnv4 unicast rd 65000:13 203.0.113.0/24 show ip route vrf CUSTOMER-A 203.0.113.0/24
Ezinye izinkundla ziphrinta ulwazi olufanayo ngolimi oluhlukile, futhi imibuzo iyasinda kulolo shintsho. Uma ingqinamba entsha ingekho ku-reflector kuyilapho i-PE iyibala njengekhulunyiwe, umsolwa wokuqala inqubomgomo noma ikhono lokumemezela le-reflector, hhayi ukubalwa kwezinombolo.
Rekhoda i-PE, insho, i-RD, izinhloso zokuthumela ngaphandle nokungenisa kanye nobunikazi bephrephikhi endaweni eyodwa, ngoba ukwaba okulandelayo kuwukusesha hhayi ukuqagela kuphela lapho lokho kurekhodi kukhona. Gcina i-RD endala kuze kube yilapho ingqinamba entsha ibonakala ku-VRF eyamukelayo, bese uyihoxisa esigabeni sesibili ukuze isigaba ngasinye sihlale sibuyiseka.