Ukugxuma kuthathu, isiphathi esisodwa: ukubala ukuncika kwangempela kwemfihlo
Inani lokugxuma lifihla ukusingathwa okwabiwe, i-akhawunti eyodwa yokuphatha kanye nombhalisi ofanayo. Yakha incwadi yokuncika, hlola umugqa ngamunye futhi ubone ukuthi inani elabiwe lixhuma ini.
Ukugxuma kwesibili kwakhuphuka ngesikhathi futhi umdwebo wakho usabonisa abahlinzeki abathathu abehlukene. Bese kufika izikweletu futhi ezimbili zazo zisho inkampani efanayo yokusingatha, umbhalisi ofanayo uphethe izizinda zontathu, futhi i-akhawunti ngayinye ibuyiselwa ebhokisini leposi elilodwa elingelakho. Akukho okonakele ekucushweni komhume. Idizayini ayizange ibale ukuncika okungaphansi kokugxuma, futhi inani lokugxuma lichaza indlela ithrafikhi eyihambayo, hhayi inani lezinhlangothi ezingasebenza kuyo.
Isibonakaliso sibonakala ezikweletini, hhayi kumarekhodi
Ngeke ukuthole kumarekhodi omhume, ngoba umhume wenza ngqo lokho okukucushile. Ubufakazi buhlala kumarekhodi omphakathi nasezilungiselelweni ze-akhawunti: amagama ezinhlangano e-whois avumelana phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina, amaseva amagama afanayo, ikheli lomgcinimafa elabiwe, indlela eyodwa yokukhokha, iphaneli eyodwa yokulawula. Ngakunye kwalokhu kuyisici sokuthi izingqimba ezimbili okufanele zehluleke ngokwahlukene zingase zehluleke ndawonye.
Akukho kulokhu okubonisa ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlangothi olulodwa lungafunda ithrafikhi yakho. Okukunciphisa inani lezinqumo ezizimelayo okufanele zibe nephutha ngaphambi kokuba izingqimba ezimbili zokuvikela zilinyazwe isigameko esisodwa.
Qhathanisa amarekhodi owabona ngempela futhi ubhale okwakuqhathaniswa. Sesha inhlangano kukho konke ikheli lendawo yokugcina, bhala amaseva amagama esizinda ngasinye, futhi uvule izilungiselelo zokubuyisela ze-akhawunti ngayinye ochungechungeni. Lapho amanani amabili evumelana khona, qaphela ukuthi ukuvumelana kumayelana nobunikazi, nokusebenza, noma ingxenye engaphambili yomthengisi kabusha kuphela. Lokhu kuyizinto ezitholakele ezihlukene, futhi ukuzibheka njengokukodwa iyona ndlela yokuthi ukubuyekezwa kokuncika kuphele njengokuqagela.
Dweba indlela enengqondo, bese kuba imephu yokuncika
Kudingeka imidwebo emibili, futhi iningi labantu lidweba eyokuqala kuphela. Indlela enengqondo ikhombisa ukuthi ingqimba ngayinye yokuvikela iphela kuphi nokuthi leyondawo yokugcina ingabona ini. Imephu yokuncika ikhombisa ukuthi ubani osebenzisa futhi ophatha ngayinye yalezo zindawo zokugcina, okuyisethi ehluke ngokuphelele yamagama.
| Layer to record | Evidence you can collect | What a shared value would mean |
|---|---|---|
| Endpoint operator | Published operator, contract, support contacts | The same party sees two traffic layers |
| Compute and hosting | Address ranges, hosting brands, platform status pages | One administrative action affects two machines |
| Network dependency | Endpoints and transit links near the observation point | Two paths share a segment that could be watched once |
| Management | Control panels, SSH keys, staff with access | One credential compromise crosses both layers |
| Account linkage | Registration records, payment method, recovery mail | Two services can be tied to one identity |
Hlola umugqa ngamunye esikhundleni sokuwugcwalisa. Okwaziwe kusho ukuthi wabona irekhodi elisho lokho, okucatshangelwe kusho ukuthi ukubona okukodwa kuyakusekela ngaphandle kokukuqeda, futhi okungaziwa kusho ukuthi akukho okutholakele. Uphawu lokusingatha olwabiwe ukucabanga mayelana nengqalasizinda eyabiwe, hhayi isitatimende mayelana nesizindalwazi samakhasimende esabiwe. Ungaphakamisi buthule ukucabanga kube yiqiniso elaziwayo ngoba nje kuvumelana nesiphetho obukulindele.
Umugqa ongenalutho uwukutholakala ngokwawo. Ukutshela ukuthi yikuphi iqiniso elingashintsha isinqumo uma ungafunda lona, futhi lokho kuwusizo ukwedlula isigaba esinye mayelana nalokho isitha esicijile esingakwenza.
Inombolo ye-AS iphendula umbuzo wokuhamba kwendlela kuphela
Uhlelo oluzimelayo umqondo wokuphatha ukuhamba kwendlela, isethi yamakheli ethulwa kweminye imixhantela njengombono owodwa ohambisanayo wendlela. Ngakho izinombolo ze-AS ezihlukene azisho lutho oluqinisekile mayelana nobunikazi benkampani, abasebenzi abahlukene noma ukulawulwa kwezomthetho okuzimelayo. Iphutha eliphambene livame ngokufanayo: izindawo zokugcina ezimbili ku-AS eyodwa akusiyo ngokuzenzakalela icala lokuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lubona umsebenzisi othile.
Uma ufuna izinombolo, zixazulule esikhundleni sokucabanga. Ikheli elingezansi liyisibambi ndawo, futhi ifulegi licela ithuluzi ukuthi libeke ilebula kukho konke ukugxuma nge-AS ekumemezelayo.
mtr --aslookup --report --report-cycles 5 203.0.113.9Thatha lokho kuphuma njengesilinganiso sokuhamba kwendlela, hhayi ubunikazi noma indlela ephelele yethrafikhi. Inethiwekhi yokungena oqala kuyo kanye nokuncika kokudlula phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina kuyimibuzo ehlukene amakheli ezindawo zokugcina angeke ayiphendule. Lapho indlela noma ukukhethwa kwe-relay kungabonakali kusukela lapho uhlezi khona, kufake ilebula njengokungaziwa esikhundleni sokungenisa isitatimende esijwayelekile mayelana nokuthi inethiwekhi ethile ikhetha kanjani izindlela namuhla. Okungabonwanga akufani nokungabonakali, kodwa futhi akusona ubufakazi.
Shono ukubona ngaphambi kokusho ingozi
Iziphetho ezintathu ziyahlangana ekubuyekezweni kokuncika okuningi, futhi ukuzihlukanisa kuyingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi. Ukubonakala okungasebenzi kwe-thrafikhi ebethelwe kusiphetho esisodwa. Ukufinyelela kokuphatha okwabiwe kungenye, ngoba kusho isenzo hhayi umbono. Ukuxhumana kwe-akhawunti kungesithathu, ngoba kuxhumanisa ubunikazi ngaphandle kokunikeza noma yikuphi ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe.
Isiqondiso semfihlo esiku-RFC 6973 sinikeza isimo esisebenzayo salokhu: bhala lokho okuyikho ngakunye okufundayo, bese ubuza ukuthi kungahlanganiswa kanjani nolwazi olugcinwe kwenye indawo. Amaphuzu amabili endleleni abona amaphethini ethrafikhi afanayo angase akhuthaze ukukhathazeka kokuhlobana, kodwa awakuniki amathuba alinganisiwe okuthi othile ukhonjiwe. Bhala ukukhathazeka, bese ubhala ukubona okuyokuqinisekisa.
Buyela ochungechungeni lwezinsizakalo ezimbili zomhume kanye ne-proxy eqashiwe. Uma izifakazelo zokuphatha ze-proxy zabelana nge-akhawunti yokubuyisela nesiseva esisodwa somhume, ukwehliswa okukodwa kokuphatha kungadlula yomibili imingcele. Uma ukuhlangana okukodwa kuwukuthi inkampani yokusingatha isebenzisa imishini yomibili, ukubuyekezwa kufanele kusho ukuthi iyiphi amandla leyo nkampani enawo nokuthi yiluphi ulwazi oluhlala luvikelwe. Ukugxuma okuthathu okufanayo, okutholakele okuhlukile.
Incwadi ayisona isitifiketi sokungaziwa futhi ngeke ibe yiso. Inani layo lincane futhi lisebenza kakhulu: ikhombisa lapho ukuzimela kusungulwe khona, lapho kucatshangwa khona, nokuthi umugqa owodwa ongaziwa uzohambisa isinqumo. Khetha lowo mugqa ngokulandelayo, futhi ushiye ingxenye esele yomdwebo njengoba injalo uze ube nempendulo yawo.