Isihloli sechweba sithi kuvuliwe? Kungani abadlali be-Minecraft bengakwazi ukungena

Othile ugijima isihloli sechweba, abone igama elithi kuvuliwe futhi acabange ukuthi iseva isixazululiwe. Okushiwo yilowo mphumela ngempela kuncane: kusukela endaweni yesihloli, ngaleso sikhathi, ukuxhumana kwe-TCP kulelo kheli nalelo chweba kwamukelwa. Akusho lutho mayelana nokuxhawana kwesandla kwephrothokholi ye-Minecraft, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-akhawunti, noma ukuthi iseva yamukela umdlali emhlabeni.

Lezi zingqimba ezine ezihlukene, futhi ukwehluleka kunoma yiluphi lwazo kuletha umdlali umusho ofanayo: akusebenzanga.

I-probe ihlola kuphela lokho ekubonayo

Ukuxhumana kwe-TCP kuqedwa lapho izinhlangothi zombili ziqeda ukuxhawana kwezinyathelo ezintathu, okuphansi nakho konke okwaziwa umdlalo. I-probe ibika ukuthi kwakukhona isilaleli futhi saphendula endaweni yaso yenethiwekhi. Ayikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi isilaleli uwumdlalo, ngoba noma iyiphi inqubo ingabamba ichweba futhi yamukele ukuxhumana.

Indawo ibalulekile njengomphumela. Isihloli esisemoyeni esidlangalaleni sihlola indlela eyodwa isuka kunethiwekhi eyodwa. Isihloli esigijinywa umqondisi ngaphakathi kwaleyo nethiwekhi sihlola indlela ehluke ngokuphelele, futhi umphumela omuhle lapho awusho cishe lutho mayelana nalokho okuhlangenwe nakho umdlali okude. Izihloli ezimbili ezihlukene kubadluliseli ababili abahlukene zingase zingavumelani ngezizathu ezingahlobene ne-seva yakho.

Isikhathi naso sibalulekile. Umphumela we-probe uchaza isikhashana ewagijima ngaso, futhi ukuxhumana kwasendlini okunekheli eliguquguqukayo noma umthetho wokudlulisa oshintshiwe kungasusa impendulo yangempela ngemizuzu embalwa kamuva. Bhala ikheli lomphakathi, ichweba, umndeni wamakheli kanye nesikhathi kanye nesinqumo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubona akukwazi ukuphindwa. Phinda isihloli usuke kunethiwekhi ehluke ngempela, hhayi ocingweni olukulolo xhumo.

Izingqimba ezine phakathi kwesokhethi nomdlali

Cabanga ngokulandelana okwenziwa iklayenti elijoyinayo ngempela. Kuqala ixazulula ikheli, bese ivula ukuxhumana kwe-TCP echwebeni elishicilelwe, bese ikhuluma iphrothokholi yomdlalo uqobo ukuze ixoxisane futhi iqinisekise, futhi ekugcineni iseva inquma ukuthi lowo muntu uvunyelwe yini ukungena emhlabeni. Ingqimba ngayinye inophawu lwayo lokwehluleka, futhi ingqimba yokuqala kuphela ebonakala kusihloli sechweba.

Ichweba elizenzakalelayo le-Java Edition ngu-25565, kepha umqondisi angashicilela elinye ichweba langaphandle futhi alidlulisele ngaphakathi, ngakho inombolo umdlali ayibhalayo ayidingi ukuthi ibe yinombolo iseva eyibonayo. Isihloli esiqonde echwebeni elingalungile langaphandle sibika ukuthi kuvaliwe kuyilapho iseva iphila ngokuphelele, futhi lesi yisixwayiso samanga esivame kakhulu kuyo yonke le nkambu.

Amagama engeza esinye isinyathelo ngaphezulu kwechweba. Uma umdlali ethayipha igama lomsingathi, ukuxazulula kufanele kubuyisele ikheli elishicilelwe, futhi emshinini ongaphakathi kwenethiwekhi kungase kubuyisele ikheli langasese esikhundleni salokho. Lokho akukhona ukwehluleka kwe-firewall futhi akukho inani lokudluliswa kwezichweba elizokushintsha.

Kungani umdlali wangaphakathi ethatha indlela ehlukile

Umdlali okuloyo LAN, noma ku-VPN efinyelela leyo LAN, uzama ukufinyelela ikheli lomphakathi esuka ngaphakathi. Isicelo siya ekhelini langaphandle lomgwaqo futhi umgwaqo kufanele asihumushele emuva ngaphakathi, okuyilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-hairpinning noma ukubonakaliswa kwe-NAT. Kokubili ukuhumusha okuya phambili kanye nendlela yokubuya kufanele kuvumelane ukuze lokho kusebenze, futhi imigwaqo eminingi yasekhaya ayikwenzi nhlobo.

Yingakho isivakashi sangaphandle singena kuyilapho umuntu ohlezi eduze kweseva engakwazi. Indlela yangaphandle ilungile ngempela; okuwukwehluleka ukuzungeza kwangaphakathi, futhi kwehluleka ngendlela okubonakala ngayo kusukela kusikrini somdlali njengenkinga yeseva. Ilogi yeseva uqobo inquma ukuthi kwenzeka ini, ngoba ukuxhumana okungakaze kuhumushwe akufiki kuyo nhlobo.

Kunezilungiso ezimbili eziqotho kanye nomkhuba owodwa omubi. Izinketho ezinhle ukwenza abadlali bangaphakathi basebenzise ikheli langasese noma igama le-split-DNS elixazululeka ngaphakathi liye ekhelini langasese, noma ukunika amandla ukubonakaliswa kumgwaqo uma isici sikhona futhi siziphatha kahle. Umkhuba omubi ukuvula izichweba ezengeziwe noma ukucisha i-firewall yomsingathi, okungeke kube nomthelela ekuhumusheni umgwaqo ongakaze ukwenze.

Idokhumenti ye-Netgate mayelana nokubonakaliswa kwe-NAT ichaza ngemininingwane eyengeziwe umehluko phakathi kwangaphandle nangaphakathi kanye nokunye okungase kusetshenziswe kwe-split-DNS. Yifunde njengencazelo yomshini hhayi njengesethembiso sokuthi noma yimuphi umhlinzeki we-VPN noma umgwaqo othile usekela zonke izinhlobo ze-loopback.

Qoqa ubufakazi kuzo zonke izimo

Kuvivinyo ngalunye, bhala ukuthi ngubani owagijima, kusukela kuphi, ngasiphi isikhathi, ngakuphi ikheli nechweba, nokuthi iseva yabhala ini. Ukunqatshwa komdlalo okunesizathu esicacile kukhonjolo yeseva kuwukutholakala okuhlukile kunokuxhumana okungakaze kufike, futhi kokubili kuholela ezinhlangothini eziphambene.

Uma abadlali abakude abavunyelwe bejoyina kanti umdlali oyedwa wendawo akakwazi, umbuzo osele yindlela yendawo futhi ufanele uphenyo lwayo: iklayenti lisebenzisa liphi ikheli, umgwaqo wenzani ngokuhumusha, futhi iseva yabhala yini noma yimuphi umzamo wokuxhumana. Nikela lezi ziqiniso ezintathu kumnikazi wenethiwekhi esikhundleni sokuvula izichweba ngokungahleliwe.