Kungani i-apt-cache ikhombisa ukuthi kufakiwe (akukho) kuyiphakethe lakho le-VPN

Iphakethe le-VPN elibika i-Installed: (none) alilahlekile; alifakiwe nje. Umugqa onquma ukuthi ungayifaka yini i-Candidate, futhi i-APT iwuthola kumakhasi, egameni le-suite, esakhiweni nasemthethweni wokupinisha okhona. Imibiko eminingi yephakethe le-VPN elilahlekile iphetha ngokuba inkinga yekhandidati hhayi inkinga yokupakisha. Funda imigqa yomibili ngaphambi kokuthinta ngisho umbhalo owodwa womthombo.

Ngibheka ikhandidati kuqala ngoba kuthatha umyalo owodwa futhi kususa uhhafu wezicabango ezijwayelekile.

Ikhuluma ini kuwe imiphumela ye-apt-cache policy

I-apt-cache policy ifunda isilondolozi sasendaweni samaphakethe, hhayi inethiwekhi. Iphrinta inguqulo efakiwe, inguqulo yekhandidati nethebula layo yonke ikhasi elinikela ngephakethe kanye nokubaluleka okunanyathiselwe kulo.

apt-cache policy openvpn
apt-cache madison openvpn
apt list -a network-manager-openvpn

Ikhandidati iyinguqulo i-APT engayikhetha manje. I-madison ibala ukuthi umthombo ngamunye unikela ngani nokubaluleka kwawo, futhi yilapho ubona khona iphakethe elikhona kukhasi kodwa elihlulwa umncintiswano wokupinisha. Incwadi ye-apt-cache ibhala kokubili njengokufunda isilondolozi, ngakho akukho kokubili okufakazela ukuthi isibuko siyafinyeleleka ngalesi sikhathi.

Uma umugqa wekhandidati ungenalutho noma ukhombisa (none), akukho lutho emithonjeni emisiwe esifanele le sistimu njengoba imisiwe.

Izizathu ezine zokunyamalala kwekhandidati

Empeleni isizathu cishe njalo singenye yezinto ezine, futhi ngayinye inesixazululo esihlukile.

Igama le-suite emithonjeni yakho kufanele lihambisane nokukhishwa iphakethe elakhelwe kona. Isistimu ye-Debian bookworm eqondiswe esibukweni se-trixie, noma inguqulo ye-Ubuntu eqanjwe kabusha efayeleni le-sources.list.d ngesikhathi sokuthuthukisa, ayixazululi lutho emaphaketheni akhona kuphela kwelinye i-suite. Qhathanisa i-lsb_release -cs nenkambu ye-suite kumbhalo ngamunye.

I-APT ibona kuphela amaphakethe akhelwe izakhiwo ezaziyo i-dpkg. Isitsha se-32-bit, isithombe se-arm64 noma ukufakwa kwe-Raspberry Pi okucela iphakethe elithunyelwa kuphela i-amd64 kuthola ikhandidati elingenalutho esikhundleni somyale wephutha. I-dpkg --print-architecture ne-dpkg --print-foreign-architectures zikutshela ukuthi usekuphi ngempela.

Izingxenye nazo zibalulekile. Iphakethe eliku-contrib noma non-free alibonakali uma kuvulwe i-main kuphela, futhi i-universe ye-Ubuntu yenza okufanayo. Ikhasi likhona futhi iphakethe likulo; uhlu lwakho lwezingxenye ezivuliwe alilifaki nje.

Ukuphinisha yisizathu esithule. Ifayela eliku-/etc/apt/preferences.d linganciphisa iphakethe ngaphansi komkhawulo wokufaka, bese ikhandidati elihle ngokuphelele linyamalala emiphumeleni ngenkathi ikhasi lisalibala. Njengoba i-policy iphrinta ukubaluleka eduze komthombo ngamunye, iphakethe okuthi yonke imithombo yalo inenombolo ephansi yokuphinisha yikhona okukhombayo.

Amakhasi aphelelwe yisikhathi abonakala njengamaphakethe antulayo

Isilondolozi siyisithombe sesikhathi. Uma i-apt update yokugcina yehlulekile kukhasi elilodwa, imibuzo isaphendula ngokusuka ekhophini endala, futhi iphakethe olilindele kungenzeka lingekho kuleyo khophi.

I-apt update iphrinta amaphutha ngekhasi ngalinye, ngakho wafunde hhayi ukuskrolela ngqo emugqeni wokugcina.

Ukuvuselela okwehluleka ngenxa yephutha lesiginesha, ifayela le-release eliphelelwe yisikhathi noma isibuko esingafinyeleleki kushiya ikhasi langaphambilini endaweni yalo. Lokho kuwumklamo onengqondo, ngoba kugcina isilondolozi esisebenzayo uma isibuko siwa isikhashana. Umphumela oseceleni ukuthi usesho lungaphumelela ngenkathi isitoreji singaxhunyiwe. Kusho futhi ukuthi ukungabikho kwephakethe akufakazeli lutho kuze kwazi ukuthi ikhasi lathathwa nini okokugcina. Hlola izinsuku zamafayela ngaphansi kwe-/var/lib/apt/lists ngaphambi kokusola igama lephakethe.

Shono iphakethe olidinga ngempela

OpenVPN iyidemon, futhi izingxenye abantu abajwayele ukuzifuna ngamaphakethe ahlukile.

Injini, isengezo se-NetworkManager kanye nomhleli wedesktopi amaphakethe amathathu anamagama amathathu, futhi isengezo sinohlobo lwe-GTK olunegama elihlukile phakathi kokukhishwa. I-apt-cache search --names-only openvpn iqhathanisa amagama namagama anikeziwe esikhundleni sezincazelo, futhi yilokho okufunayo uma wazi ngokulinganiselayo ukuthi into ibizwa kanjani.

Uma igama lingaziwa ngempela, sesha ezincazelweni kanye, bese ubuyela emagameni anembile. Ungangezi isijobelelo se--gui esibolekwe kolunye ukukhishwa bese uphetha ngokuthi iphakethe alisekho.

Shintsha imithombo ekugcineni, bese uqinisekisa umsebenzi

Ukungeza isitoreji kushintsha ukuthi ubani ohlinzeka ngezibuyekezo zakho, ngakho kungokwaphetha kophenyo, hhayi kokuqala.

Ngaphambi kwalokho, qinisekisa ukukhishwa, isakhiwo, ingxenye kanye nesimo sokuphinisha. Bhala ukuthi yikuphi kokune okuhlolile, ukuze umuntu olandelayo angaphindi enze ukuhlola konke. Uma kune kukuhle futhi ikhandidati lingekho, isiphetho esithembekile ukuthi lolu kukhishwa akulithumeli lelo phakethe. Izinketho ezisele yi-backport, iphakethe lomhlinzeki noma olunye ukukhishwa okusekelwayo, futhi ngakunye kwazo kuwukukhetha okunengqondo hhayi ukuqagela.

Uma ikhandidati livele, fanisa ngaphambi kokusebenzisa: i-apt-get install --simulate negama lephakethe ikhombisa ukuthi yini ezodonswa futhi yini ezosuswa. Ukutholakala kwephakethe, ukufaka kanye nomhubhe osebenzayo kuhlala kuyizigaba ezintathu ezihlukile, futhi umhubhe usadinga iphrofayela yawo, ubufakazi bawo, imizila yawo ne-DNS ngaphambi kokuthwala uthrafikhi.