Iphakethe lerepo noma iphakethe leklayenti le-VPN: yikuphi kuqala?

Ufaka iphakethe lomhlinzeki, umyalo ubuyisela uziro, futhi awukho uhlelo lwe-VPN oluzaqalwa. Lokho kwenzeka lapho iphakethe olifakile lihlele irepo esikhundleni sokuletha iklayenti, futhi umehluko ubonakala kulokho elikushiyile kudiski. Ukuthi uzidinga zombili yini, nangaluphi ukulandelana, kuncike ezimeni ezintathu hhayi egameni lomhlinzeki. Isinqumo esingezansi sigcina ukusethwa komthombo, ukuvuselelwa kwemethadatha kanye nokufakwa kohlelo njengezenzo ezihlukile ezinobufakazi obuhlukile.

Yini iphakethe ngalinye eliyishintshayo ngempela

Iphakethe lokuhlela irepo libhala umugqa womthombo we-APT, lingenise ukhiye wokusayina umugqa lowo omethembayo, bese liphuma. Okuqukethwe yilona amafayela ambalwa ngaphansi kwe-/etc/apt kanye nendandatho yokhiye, futhi akukho okungenziwa. Iphakethe leklayenti liletha i-daemon noma uhlelo lwedeskithophu, amalabhulali alo kanye nokuncika kwalo, futhi yilokho okugcina kusemenyu noma kuyunithi ye-systemd.

Amagama amafayela aphela ngo--release asikisela uhlobo lokuqala, kodwa isijobelelo siwumkhuba, hhayi isiqinisekiso. Isitatimende esithembekile mayelana nendima yephakethe uhlu lwamafayela kanye nokuncika kwalo, futhi kokubili kungafundwa ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini. Umhlinzeki ohlela kabusha ukupakisha kwakhe ugcina igama elifanayo lefayela futhi ashintshe okuqukethwe, ngakho impendulo ekhotshelwe kuchungechunge lweminyaka emibili ingase ichaze iphakethe elingasekho. Funda iziqondiso zamanje zomhlinzeki zokukhishwa okusebenzayo, bese uhlola ukuthi iphakethe limemezela ini.

Izinyathelo ezintathu zilandelwa yilokho kwehlukaniswa: bhalisa umthombo, vuselela imethadatha ewondlayo, bese ufaka uhlelo ngegama. Umhlahlandlela wokufaka we-Debian ne-Ubuntu uwagcina ehlukene, yingakho iklayenti licelwa esinyathelweni sakamuva hhayi yiphakethe elisetha umthombo.

Izimo ezintathu ezinquma ukulandelana

Isimo sokuqala ukuthi umhlinzeki ushicilela irepo yokukhishwa kwakho kwedistribushini okuqondile yini. Umugqa womthombo owakhelwe isethi eyodwa ungaxazululwa ngokumelene nokuncika kwesinye isethi futhi ufake ingxube kungekho oyihlolile.

Okwesibili ukuthi idistribushini yakho isivele ineklayenti yini. Uma inayo, iphakethe ledistribushini lilandela ukuguquka kwamalabhulali kanye nezibuyekezo zokuphepha zokukhishwa kwakho, kuyilapho iphakethe lomhlinzeki lingahamba ngokushesha futhi lilethe amakhophi alo amalabhulali abiwe.

Okwesithathu ukuthi iziphi izici ozidinga ngempela. Ukwakha komhlinzeki kungase kulethe ukusetshenziswa kweprothokholi okusha noma ukuhlanganiswa kwedeskithophu idistribushini yakho engakupakisanga, futhi leso yisizathu sangempela sokwamukela umthombo wesibili. Uma ukwakha kwedistribushini kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho, ukwengeza irepo yomuntu wesithathu kuthenga umsebenzi wokubuyekeza kanye nobunye ubudlelwano bokwethemba ngokuncane kakhulu.

Nquma lezo zimpendulo ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba umugqa womthombo ube khona, ngoba ukuwususa kamuva kusho ukuhlanza iphakethe nokhiye walo. Uma sezinqunyiwe, ukulandelana ngaphakathi kwendlela yomhlinzeki akusona isinqumo: umthombo kuqala, imethadatha yesibili, uhlelo lwesithathu, hhayi asiphambene nakancane.

Hlola ukuthi iphakethe lokukhishwa lashiya ini

Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini enye, funda uhlu lwamafayela hhayi incazelo. Kuzinhlelo zomndeni wakwa-Debian imanifesta yephakethe iphendula ukuthi yahlela ini nokuthi ukhiye wahlala kuphi.

dpkg -L proton-vpn-release | grep -E 'apt|keyring'
apt-cache policy proton-vpn-gnome-desktop
grep -r protonvpn /etc/apt/sources.list.d/

Umugqa wokuqala ukhombisa ifayela lomthombo kanye nendlela yendandatho yokhiye, kanti owesibili ubika ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo imithombo ehleliwe engayinikela. Uma u-apt-cache policy engaphrinti lutho egameni leklayenti, ukuvuselelwa kwemethadatha akwenzekanga noma umthombo uqondise kwesinye isethi. Owesithathu uqinisekisa ukuthi umugqa ukhona lapho i-APT ifunda khona ngempela.

Qhathanisa indlela yendandatho yokhiye nensimu ye-signed-by= emugqeni womthombo. Ukhiye okusikhombisi esingalungile ukhiqiza iphutha lomthombo ongaqinisekisiwe, okuyiphutha elihlukile kunephakethe elingatholakali.

Thatha ukwehluleka kokuncika njengenyathelo elihlukile

Ukufaka i-.deb elandwe nge-dpkg -i akuxazululi lutho: ihlola ukuncika, ibika okushodayo futhi ishiye iphakethe lihlelwe ngokwengxenye. Lokho kuwukuziphatha okulindelekile, hhayi ukulanda okonakele.

I-apt --fix-broken install bese icela i-APT isimo esivumelanayo emithonjeni onayo. I-APT ayazi ukuthi yikuphi i-VPN obuyifuna, futhi uhlelo lwayo lungase isuse amaphakethe ukuze kugcwaliswe umkhawulo ewutholile. Funda ukuthengiselana okuhlongozwayo ngaphambi kokuphendula yebo, futhi uma ukususwa kuthinta into oyidingayo, yima. Ukuphinda ukulungiswa ngaphandle kokufunda uhlelo yiyo indlela igebe elincane lokuncika eliba ideskithophu engasakwazi ukuqala.

Gcina umyalezo wokuqala onengqondo ovela kumphathi wamaphakethe futhi uwuhlukanise ngaphambi kokwenza okuthile. Irepo elingasayiniwe, iphakethe elingekho emithonjeni ehleliwe, ukungqubuzana kwenguqulo, kanye neklayenti eqala bese ifa, kungamaphutha amane ahlukene.

Qinisekisa uhlelo, hhayi irepo

Qinisekisa ukuthi iklayenti lifinyelele isimo sokufakiwe, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luyavuleka. I-dpkg-query -W -f='${Status} ${Version}' proton-vpn-gnome-desktop kufanele ibike i-install ok installed nenguqulo, futhi ukwehluleka kokwethula ngemva kwalokho inkinga yohlelo hhayi yokupakisha.

Bhala umnikazi werepo kanye nephakethe lohlelo njengezinto ezihlukene, ukuze ukususwa kwakamuva kuthathe okulungile futhi kushiye okunye kunengcwaba. Uma umhlinzeki eshintsha umhlahlandlela wakhe, umugqa womthombo yiwona okuwufunda futhi; igama leklayenti yilona olifaka futhi.