Kungani isifinyezo esisha se-VPN singabuyisi izilungiselelo ezilahlekile

Izintengo zemenyu ezingekho nezintandokazi ezinyamalalayo zilungiswa ngomgqigqo oyefanayo, nakuba lezi zinkinga ezingahlobene. Enye ingxenye yokuhlangana kwedesikithophu, enye isimo sohlelo, futhi isithonjana esisha asishintshi noma yikuphi kwalokhu ngokwaso. Ukwehlukanisa lezi zimbili kudinga ucwaningo olulodwa futhi kuchaza ingxenye enkulu yokudideka abantu abakulethela lesi sihloko. Isiqalisi siqala uhlelo; uhlelo lona lunquma ukuthi lukhumbula ini.

Imisebenzi emibili ebonakala njengomunye

Ukuhlangana kwedesikithophu kusho ukuthi imvelo ingathola ifayela elisebenzayo, iveze igama nesithonjana futhi idlulise izimpikiswano ezifanele. Isimo sohlelo sisho ukuthi uhlelo lubhala iphrofayela endaweni ehlala njalo futhi iluyifunda futhi lapho luqala ngokulandelayo. Akukho kokubili okusho okunye, yingakho isifinyezo esisebenzayo singaqala iklayenti elikhohlwe yikho konke.

Shintsha intandokazi eyodwa yokubonisa engenabungozi ngezilawuli zohlelo ngokwalo, bese uyivala futhi uyivule futhi ngendlela efanayo. Uma intandokazi ibuya, ukugcina kuyasebenza futhi isikhalazo esisele sikhuluma ngokuthola iwindi hhayi ngokugcina idatha. Uma inyamalala, isifinyezo siyinto ephazamisayo futhi umbuzo wangempela ukuthi lolo hlelo lugcina kuphi amafayela alo. Hlola intandokazi eyodwa ngesikhathi, ngoba iklayenti elicela iphasiwedi futhi kungenzeka livikela imfihlo kunokulahlekelwa ukucushwa.

Qhathanisa okokufaka kokuqalwa ngaphambi kokufaka kabusha

Qala engxenyeni yedesikithophu futhi ufunde ukuthi yenzani ngempela, ngoba ukuqala kusuka kumenyu akusho ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi yimvelo efanayo yohlelo njengokuqala kusuka kutheminali. Okhiye ababalulekile yi-Exec, i-Path futhi ngokungaqondile imvelo enikezwa isikhathi. Iskripthi sokugoqa esiku-Exec singabeka okuguquguqukayo, sishintshe isiqondisi noma sibize umsizi onegunya ongaboniswa ngumenyu. Ukufaka kabusha kushintsha amafayela uhlelo olwaluvele lunayo, futhi lokho akuvamisile ukuba yikho okuguquguqukayo okwashintsha.

grep -h '^Exec=' ~/.local/share/applications/*.desktop
desktop-file-validate ~/.local/share/applications/client.desktop

Bheka ifayela elingaphansi kwe-~/.local/share/applications ngaphambi kwalelo eliku-/usr/share/applications, ngoba ikhophi yomsebenzisi imboza ikhophi yesistimu. Gijimisa i-desktop-file-validate lapho ingxenye iziphatha kabi, futhi ufune ikhophi endala esakhomba endleleni esusiwe. Ikhophi yomsebenzisi engavumelekile isathandwa iningi lamedesikithophu, ngakho ifayela eliphukile lingasusa ingxenye kumenyu ngenkathi ifayela lephakethe lihlala livumelekile. Bese ugijimisa umyalo ofanayo ngesandla futhi uqhathanise okukhiqizwa ukuqala kokubili.

Ukuthi intandokazi ihlala kuphi ngempela

Izinhlelo ezilandela imithetho yesiqondisi sisekelo ye-XDG zibeka ukucushwa ngaphansi kwe-$XDG_CONFIG_HOME, isimo esihlala njalo ngaphansi kwe-$XDG_STATE_HOME nedatha elahliwe ngaphansi kwe-$XDG_CACHE_HOME, futhi zisebenzisa i-~/.config, i-~/.local/state ne-~/.cache ngokuzenzakalela uma lezo ziguquguqukayo zingakho. Lezi zintathu ziyizindima hhayi izethembiso, ngakho umkhiqizo othile we-VPN ungabhala okunye ngokuphelele. Ukufunda imibhalo yomthengisi uqobo kungcono kunokuqagela indlela ngegama lesiqondisi. Uma imibhalo mincane, bheka inqubo hhayi uhlelo lwamafayela.

Ukulandelela okuhlungwe ekuvuleni amafayela kubonisa yonke indlela yokucushwa ezanywa yiklayenti, kuhlanganise naleyo eyibhala lapho iphuma. Kugijimise njengomsebenzisi ofanayo nemvelo efanayo, bese uqhathanisa lezo zindlela neziqondisi obuzilindele.

strace -f -e trace=openat,stat -o /tmp/vpn.log vpn-client

Izimfihlo namaphrofayela banabanikazi abahlukene

Iphrofayela egciniwe kanye nobufakazi bogciniwe kuyizinto ezihlukene, ngokuvamile ezinokugcinwa okuhlukene. Okunye kungahlala kufayela lokucushwa ngenkathi okunye kuhlazi emsesheni wokhiye ovuleka isikhathi ngasinye, ngakho iklayenti elicela iphasiwedi futhi kungenzeka lenza lokho elakhelwe kona. Ukususa iphrofayela ukuze kumiswe isicelo yiyo indlela abantu abalahlekelwa ngayo ukucushwa okusebenzayo.

Ukuqalwa okunegunya kwenza lokhu kube nzima nakakhulu, ngoba ukuqala nge-sudo noma ngomsizi we-PolicyKit kungaveza ikhaya elihlukile futhi ngakho isethi ehlukile yokucushwa. Lungisa ubunikazi kufayela elithile elibhalwa uhlelo hhayi ngokuphindaphinda kulo lonke ikhaya, bese unquma ukuthi yibuphi ubunikazi okufanele bube nephrofayela kusukela manje futhi ugcine ukuqalwa kwesikhathi esizayo kuhambisana nakho.

Isithonjana singakutshela ini futhi singakutsheli ini

Isithonjana sifakaza ukuthi ifayela lesiqalisi liyaxazululeka, hhayi nokunye. Isimo sokuxhumana ngeseklayenti, ngakho ukuhlola okuwukuphela okuthembekile i-interface, indlela noma okukhishwayo yisimo seklayenti ngokwalo. Uhlelo oluncane lwethreyi olwahluleka ukuqala lungenza umhubhe osebenzayo ubonakale uphukile, ngenkathi uhlelo oluncane oludala lungenza ophukile ubonakale ulungile. Hlola ukuxhumana nesiqalisi ngokwehlukana, bese ubhala ukuthi yikuphi okulungisile ngempela.

Uma kokubili kwakukubi, melana nokuthatha ukulungisa njengoshintsho olulodwa. Lungisa ingxenye, qinisekisa ukuqalwa, bese uqinisekisa umhubhe, futhi ubhale umphumela wesinyathelo ngasinye. Lowo mbhalo yiwo owenza umbiko olandelayo wezilungiselelo ezilahlekile uhlolwe esikhundleni sokuphindwa kwalona, futhi utshela umuntu olandelayo ukuthi yiluphi uhhafu wenkinga olwaluyiqiniso.