Umsebenzi ohleliwe noma ukungena komuntu: iyiphi inkomba okufanele iyibone i-API?

Umsebenzi ohleliwe nomuntu omi esikhaleni sokungena babiza i-API eyodwa ngezifakazelo ezihlukene, ubude bokuphila obuhlukene kanye nabanikazi abahlukene. Umsebenzi udinga indlela yenethiwekhi, inkomba yohlelo kanye neqoqo lezimvume; umuntu udinga ukungena, isici sesibili kanye neseshini. Ukuhlanganisa kokubili kukhiqiza ukuzenzakalela okwephuka njalo lapho kushintsha igama lokugcina lomuntu, noma inqubomgomo yezici eziningi eyenziwe buthakathaka ngokwanele ukuze umsebenzi we-cron uhlale uphila.

Izango ezintathu ezibukeka njengeyodwa

Umthetho wekheli lomthombo ubuza ukuthi isicelo savela kuphi. Ukuqinisekisa ubuza ukuthi ubani oshayayo nokuthi yibuphi ubufakazi obethulwe. Ukugunyaza ubuza ukuthi lomphathi angawenza lo msebenzi yini. I-VPN ishintsha eyokuqala kuphela kwezintathu, futhi iyishintsha kuyo yonke inqubo kusibungu hhayi emsebenzini kuphela, ngakho hlukanisa ukubhekwa okuthathu kurekhodi lesigameko.

Yikho ukushintsha indawo yokuphuma kungalungisa ukwenqatshwa okubangelwa ikheli lomthombo futhi kushiye ithokheni engavumelekile ingathintekile. Yikho futhi ithokheni ye-API evumelekile ingayenzi indawo yokugcina eyimfihlo ifinyeleleka kusukela emsebenzini ongenandlela yokuya kuyo.

Indlela yokusebenzisana iyisifanekiso esibi sokuzenzakalela

Ukubhala ukungena komuntu kusiku-skrithi kuyakhanga ngoba kusebenza kanye. Iskrithi sigcina igama lokugcina, mhlawumbe imbewu yegama lokugcina lesikhathi esisodwa, bese kuncika kwinselelo eyenzelwe ukufuna umuntu. Umkhuba wokuphepha omuhle kakhulu wamanje we-OAuth, i-RFC 9700, uvimbela isibonelelo se-resource-owner-password-credentials futhi uchaza ukuthi kungani kungahambisani kahle nokuqinisekisa kwezici ezimbili nezinyathelo eziningi.

Enye indlela esekwayo ngokuvamile iwukugeleza komthengi oyimfihlo lapho iseva yokugunyaza iqinisekisa uhlelo futhi ikhipha ithokheni. Isibonelelo se-client-credentials ku-RFC 6749 isigaba 4.4 siyisibonelo esisodwa. Ukuba khona kwaso akusho ukuthi yonke i-API iyasamukela, noma ukuthi umsebenzi othunyelwe umsebenzisi ungashintshwa ngaso, ngoba leyo yimibuzo yomnikazi wensizakalo. Buza ukuthi iyiphi imodeli engenakugadwa okusekwayo yinsizakalo ngaphambi kokubhala ikhodi.

Lapho i-VPN isafanele khona

I-VPN inganikeza indlela yenethiwekhi edingwa i-API eyimfihlo, futhi leso siqeshana esisemthethweni. Ayiqinisekisi umsebenzi kuhlelo, futhi ayikhawuleli ukuthi umsebenzi ungenzani. Ikheli lokuphuma elabiwe lona likhomba isibungu hhayi umsebenzi, ngakho ukufakwa kuhlu lwezivumelekile kwalelo kheli kwamukela yonke inqubo esebenza kulo.

Uma umsebenzi usebenza kusigijimi esabiwe, lowo mehluko ubaluleke kakhulu hhayi kancane. Okunye ukuhamba komsebenzi kusibungu esifanayo kuzuza indlela nekheli njengefa, futhi i-API ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa kokubili. Lobu yibo buthakathaka obufanayo begama lokugcina elabiwe, bususiwe isendlalelo esisodwa phansi. Beka umkhawulo lapho uhlelo lungawuphoqelela khona, futhi wehlukanise isigijimi uma ungeke ukwazi ukunciphisa uhlu lwezivumelekile.

Qhathanisa izakhiwo ezimbili ngobuqotho

Ukungena komuntu kukunikeza umuntu wangempela, isici sesibili sangempela kanye neseshini elingakalwa, futhi ngeke kusebenze ngaphandle kokugadwa. Inkomba yohlelo ikunikeza ukusebenza ngaphandle kokugadwa, ububanzi obungabuyekezwa kanye nezifakazelo ongaziphendula, futhi ayikwazi ukusebenzela umsebenzisi ongathunyelanga lutho. Akukho okokuqala okuyinguqulo ebuthakathaka yokunye; ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene. Khetha ngokubuza ukuthi umsebenzi kufanele usebenze ngaphandle komuntu yini, nokuthi umsebenzi kufanele ubalulwe kumsebenzisi othile yini.

Uma zombili izimpendulo kungu-yebo, isakhiwo sidinga imodeli yokuthunyelwa hhayi igama lokugcina elibolekiwe. Bhala leso sinqumo lapho umgcini olandelayo ezosithola khona.

Yini okufanele iqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokudlulisa

Sebenzisa umsebenzi owodwa ovunyelwe kanye nokwenqatshwa okudingekayo okukodwa kusuka kusisebenzi sangempela, futhi gcina zombili izimpendulo. Bese uhlola izifakazelo eziphelelwe yisikhathi kanye nokuziphatha uma indlela yenethiwekhi ingekho, ngoba yizo lezi zingqinamba ezimbili ezivusa umuntu ebusuku.

curl -sS -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}\n' \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer TOKEN" https://api.example.com/v1/records

Rekhoda umphathi, ububanzi, umnikazi wokuphendula kanye nemvelo yokusebenza eceleni kwalowo mphumela. Lowo mrekhodi yiwona owenza ukuphendula okulandelayo kube umkhuba hhayi isigameko. Futhi yingxenye efunwa umcwaningi.