I-OpenVPN noma i-WireGuard? Nquma ngobunikazi nokuthutha
Okhiye, ukuhamba kokungena kanye nokuthutha nge-UDP kuphela kwakha ukukhetha kude ngaphambi komthamo. Yenza izivivinyo ezine futhi ugcine isilinganiso sithembekile.
Ukuqhathanisa lezi zivumelwano ezimbili kusiza kuphela uma kuqhathanisa lokho ozokukhanda ngempela. I-WireGuard ibona ontanga ngokhiye womphakathi futhi ithwala isivumelwano sayo nge-UDP, kuyilapho OpenVPN inikeza izindlela ezibanzi zokuqinisekisa futhi ingasebenza nge-UDP noma i-TCP uma iseva inikeza kokubili. Lezi zinguquko zakha ukulungiselela nendlela yokubuyela emuva kude ngaphambi kokuba zakhe umthamo. Yenza izivivinyo ezine ezingezansi ngokulandelana; ezimbili zokuqala zivame ukunquma ukukhetha, kanti ezimbili zokugcina zitshela ukuthi isinqumo besilungile yini.
Qala ngobunikazi, hhayi ngohlu lwezokubethela
Untanga we-WireGuard ugcina ukhiye oyedwa wangasese futhi ubala okhiye bomphakathi engakwazi ukufinyelela kubo. Umhlinzeki angasonga ingosi ye-akhawunti kulokho, kodwa isivumelwano ngokwaso asinakho ukushintshana kwegama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, ngakho umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-akhawunti uhlala kulokho okusabalalisa okhiye. I-OpenVPN ingasebenzisa izitifiketi, isengezo esibhekene nekhompuyutha ekhona noma umbhalo wokuqinisekisa, yingakho izinhlangano ezinesistimu yobunikazi zivame ukuyithanda. Akukho phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili okususa umbuzo wokuthi idivayisi elahlekile isuswa kanjani.
| Decision | OpenVPN | WireGuard |
|---|---|---|
| Identity | Certificates, plugins or scripts against an existing directory | One private key per peer, public keys listed for the peers it may reach |
| Transport | UDP or TCP profiles when the server offers both | UDP only in the native protocol |
| Routing and DNS | Server pushes routes and DNS options | AllowedIPs maps ranges to peers, and tooling installs the routes |
| Where it usually breaks | Profile mismatch, expired certificate, failing plugin | Blocked UDP, wrong AllowedIPs, key not installed |
Ukulungiselela okufushane akufani nokulungiselela okulula. Ukunikeza ukhiye oyedwa wangasese kubantu abaningi kwenza ukususa kwakamuva kungacaci, ngoba ukukhansela kwaso kususa wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Bhala ukuhlangana komuntu nokhiye noma isitifiketi ngaphambi kokukhetha, futhi isinqumo sesivumelwano sizoba lula kakhulu.
Bese ubheka lokho okukuvumelayo ukuthutha
Isivumelwano se-WireGuard sisebenzisa i-UDP. Izinsiza ze-OpenVPN zinganikeza amaphrofayili e-UDP ne-TCP, futhi kunethiwekhi evimbela noma eyehlisa i-UDP lelo khetho lesibili liyindlela yokubuyela emuva esebenzayo hhayi yethiyori. Iseva kufanele isekele iphrofayili oyikhethayo, futhi ukushintsha inombolo yembobo akukwenza umhubhe ube yi-HTTPS noma akukholisi isivikelo somlilo ukuba uvumele.
Ukuthwala i-TCP ngaphakathi kwe-TCP nakho kushintsha ukuziphatha lapho kukhona ukulahleka, ngoba zombili izingqimba zizama futhi zihlele kabusha ngokuzimela. Iphrofayili ye-TCP esebenza kunethiwekhi evimbelayo ingase ingenze kahle kunethiwekhi enokulahleka, futhi leso yisizathu sokugcina zombili izigaba zitholakala esikhundleni sokumemezela enye iphakeme.
Bese uhlola umzila nokuxazululwa kwamagama
I-AllowedIPs ye-WireGuard ixhumanisa izigaba zamakheli nontanga futhi isebenza njengesinqumo somzila ngaphakathi kwesivumelwano, futhi amathuluzi azungezile asebenzisa lezo zigaba lapho efaka imizila. I-OpenVPN iphusha imizila nezinketho ze-DNS zisuka kuseva. Kuzo zombili izimo iklayenti lingakhuphuka kuyilapho inqubomgomo ehlosiwe isetshenziswa ingxenye kuphela.
ip route show
ip -6 route show
resolvectl status
wg showFunda okukhiphayo ngaphambi kokuthemba isibonisi sokuxhumeka. ip route show ibala lokho iklayenti elikufakile nge-IPv4, futhi uhlobo lwe-IPv6 lubamba umhubhe othwala umkhaya owodwa kuphela. resolvectl status ibonisa ukuthi iklayenti lizobuza kuphi isixazululi ngempela, futhi wg show iphrinta ama-AllowedIPs i-WireGuard ecabanga ukuthi ingeyayo. Uma isixazululi sisakhomba kunethiwekhi yasendaweni kuyilapho imizila ithi ihlanganisa konke, i-DNS iphuma ngaphandle komhubhe.
Bese ulinganisa umsebenzi okukhathazayo
Gcina idivayisi, inethiwekhi nendawo oya kuyo kungaguquki, futhi bhala amaklayenti namaphoyinti okugcina owasebenzisile. Uma izinsiza ezimbili ziphuma emadolobheni ahlukene noma zisebenza kuma-hardware ahlukene, shono lokho, ngoba lapho umphumela uchaza lezo zinsiza hhayi izivumelwano.
iperf3 -c 203.0.113.20 -t 30
mtr -rwzbc 50 203.0.113.20Gijimisa yomibili imiyalo kabili, kanye ngayinye ipheya lamaphrofayili, kunethiwekhi nasenyengweni efanayo. iperf3 inikeza isibalo somthamo, futhi mtr inikeza umzila nokuthi ukulahleka kuvela kuphi, okungeke kukhonjiswe yisibalo esisodwa sokulanda. Isibalo sokulanda siphinda siphuthe lokho okuqashelwa ucingo: ukubambezeleka okwengeziwe, ukuzamazama nokuthi ukuxhuma kabusha kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani. Bhala lokho ngokwehlukana, ngoba isivumelwano esiwina ngomthamo singahlulwa umsebenzi oyigijimisayo ngempela.
Kuxhumano oluphethwe, ukuhambisana, ukusekelwa nomzamo wokuvuselela kungase kube nzima ukudlula umehluko omncane wesilinganiso. Kwindlela yokuphuma yomuntu siqu, ukuloga nokubusa komhlinzeki kubalulekile ukudlula ilebula lesivumelwano. Zombili izivumelwano zingathwala uxhumano oluhle; insiza nokulungiselelwa kwayo kunquma okutholayo.
Bhala ipheya lamaphrofayili ngaphambi kokuhlola
Khetha iphrofayili eyodwa esivumelwaneni ngasinye ngaphambi kokulinganisa, futhi bhala ukuthi ngayinye kufanele yenze ini: amanethiwekhi amancane angasese kuphela, noma yonke ithrafikhi enomgudu othile wokuphuma. Ukuhlola okuqhathanisa iphrofayili yomhubhe ohlukanisiwe neyomhubhe ogcwele kulinganisa amaphrofayili, hhayi izivumelwano. Faka igama leklayenti, inguqulo yeklayenti nendawo yokuphuma embhalweni ofanayo.
Bese ugijimisa umsebenzi ofanayo kuzo zombili, kunethiwekhi efanayo, esimweni esifanayo. Uma eyodwa ingakwazi ukuxhuma nhlobo, lokho kwehluleka kungumphumela futhi kufanele kube serekhodini kanye nesizathu. Gcina irekhodi nemibhalo yensiza ukuze umuntu olandelayo aqhathanise ipheya elilodwa esikhundleni sokuqala phansi.