Ukufinyelela kwe-HSM komlingani nge-VPN: chaza imisebenzi yokhiye

Othile kumlingani kufanele asayine idokhumenti ngokhiye oyedwa oqokiwe, futhi isicelo siza sibekwe njengendaba yenethiwekhi: kufanele bafinyelele ku-HSM. Thatha lowo musho njengophawu lwenkontileka yensizakalo engachazwanga, hhayi inkinga yomzila, ngoba umhubhe ofinyelela kudivayisi awunikezi lutho ngokwawo. Ngemuva kwesicelo kunezinyango ezintathu: ukufinyeleleka, ubunikazi be-HSM kanye nenqubomgomo yokhiye, futhi ngayinye ilawulwa endaweni ehlukile yiqembu elihlukile. Zibhale phansi ngayinye, kungenjalo uzogcina unikeze umzila ngoba ingxoxo ngesitifiketi ibinzima kakhulu.

Gcina icala elibambekayo emehlweni: umlingani uthumela idokhumenti evunyelwe ukuze isayinwe ngokhiye oyedwa oqanjiwe, futhi akukho okunye. Konke okungezansi kuvela kulowo musho owodwa.

Ukufinyeleleka, ubunikazi kanye nenqubomgomo yokhiye kuyizinyango ezintathu

Isihlanganisi se-VPN sinquma ukuthi ubani angavula umhubhe nokuthi yimaphi amakheli angawathinta. I-HSM inquma ngokwayo ukuthi iyiphi irekhodi lomsebenzisi elilethwe phambi kwayo elingangena. Bese inqubomgomo yokhiye inquma ukuthi lelo rekhodi lomsebenzisi lingenzani ngokhiye othile oqondile. Ukudlula esinyangweni sokuqala kushiya ezinye ezimbili zinjengoba zinjalo, yingakho ukuxhawula okuphumelelayo kufakazela okuncane kakhulu futhi yingakho umlingani angafinyelela kudivayisi kodwa ahluleke kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

Yabela isinyango ngasinye umnini ngaphambi kokubhala izidingo. Uma kungekho ophatha isinyango sesibili, umphumela ojwayelekile ukuthi kunikezwa ubunikazi obubanzi bomphathi we-HSM ngoba yilona kuphela isiqinisekiso esisebenzayo.

Isinyango sokuqala: indlela yenethiwekhi enikezwa umlingani

Shono iklayenti noma insizakalo evunyelwe, indawo okudingeka iye kuyo, kanye nephrothokholi kanye nechweba insizakalo leyo elalela kukho. Bese ukhawulela ukufinyelela kwesikhathi se-VPN kulelo pheya ngezinhlangothi zombili, kufaka nendlela yokubuya, ukuze inqubomgomo ibe umusho ongawufundela umlingani. Ukuphathwa kwesango, izixhumi zokuphatha ze-HSM kanye nezinhlelo zangaphakathi ezingahlobene kufanele zibe ngaphandle kokufinyelela okujwayelekile komlingani, hhayi ngaphandle komzila ozenzakalelayo kuphela.

Isegimenti ezinikezelwe yenza lokho kuwela kubonakale, kodwa igama lesegimenti aliqinisekisi lutho. Ithrafikhi kufanele idlule ekulawuleni ocabanga ukuthi idlula kukho. Ukwamukela ukuxhumana okuvela kumlingani nakho akusona isitatimende sokuthi yonke imishini yakwa umlingani ithembekile.

Isinyango sesibili: yini ngempela eqinisekisa ku-HSM

Ubunikazi be-VPN nobunikazi be-HSM bayizinto ezihlukene ngaphandle uma ukuhlanganiswa okusekelwayo kubahlanganisa ngamabomu. Ngeklayenti le-PKCS#11, uhlelo lusebenzisa ukungena esiteshini ngobufakazi obugcinwe ndawana thize kusihambisi somlingani, futhi ukungena lokho yikho i-HSM ekuhlolayo.

I-AWS CloudHSM iyisibonelo esiwusizo ngoba imibhalo yayo iwagcina ehlukene: absebenzisi be-HSM bahlukile kubasebenzisi be-IAM, futhi uhlobo lomsebenzisi lunquma okungenziwa yi-akhawunti. Isikhulu se-crypto siphatha abasebenzisi nokhiye kodwa akusona ubunikazi obenza imisebenzi ye-crypto, kanti umsebenzisi we-crypto angasebenzisa okhiye ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuwaphatha. Lokho kwahlukanisa yikho ukuma okufunayo ngisho kudivayisi yomunye umthengisi, lapho amagama ezindima ezokwehluka khona.

Noma yibuphi ubunikazi obukhiphayo kufanele bukhishwe futhi buchazwe ngokwemininingwane oyodinga kamuva. Isiqinisekiso sokusebenza esisodwa esabiwe phakathi kwabalingani abaningi senza ukuvalelwa nokuziphendulela kube nzima kakhulu kuleso sigameko lapho kokubili kubaluleke kakhulu.

Isinyango sesithathu: yikuphi ukhiye, futhi yimuphi umsebenzi

Ukusayina, ukususa ukubhaliwe, ukukhiqiza okhiye, ukuphinda okhiye nokuphatha abasebenzisi kuyizimvume ezihlukene futhi kufanele zibhalwe ngokwehlukana. Ngamagama e-PKCS#11, izimfanelo ezifana ne-CKA_SENSITIVE ne-CKA_EXTRACTABLE zichaza ukuthi impahla yokhiye ingaphuma yini kumojuli ngendlela esebenzisekayo, futhi zibekwa ngokhiye ngamunye hhayi ngokudivayisi. Funda inqubomgomo yangempela kokhiye esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi akukwazi ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kusukela egameni hardware noma ekubeni khona komhubhe.

Bese uthola ukugunyazwa kwebhizinisi. Uma kungadotshwa kuphela amadokhumenti avunyelwe, yiluphi uphawu olusungula lokho kugunyazwa ngaphambi kokuthi isicelo sifike ku-HSM? Isixhumi se-crypto esamukela isicelo esigunyaziwe asazi ukuthi idokhumenti ibuyekezwe yini, ngakho lokho kuhlola kungokwensizakalo engaphambili kwaso.

Iklayenti elivunyelwe elihlaselwe lingasebenzisa kabi nemisebenzi egunyazwa ngokusemthethweni yisiqinisekiso sakhe ngaphandle kokukhipha ukhiye oyimfihlo. Ngakho ukuvikela impahla yokhiye egciniwe nokulawula ukusetshenziswa kokhiye kuyizimo zokwamukela ezimbili, hhayi esisodwa.

Ukunqatshwa kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa kokwamukela

Yamukela isicelo sokusayina esivunyelwe, futhi yamukela nokunqatshwa: ubunikazi obungagunyaziwe, ukhiye ongahlobene kanye nomsebenzi wokuphatha ovela emzileni womlingani. Rekhoda lowo ofonayo, umsebenzi, isihlonzi sokhiye, isikhathi nomphumela, futhi gcina impahla yokhiye oyimfihlo, iziqinisekiso kanye nokuqukethwe kwamadokhumenti ngaphandle kwamarekhodi okuxilonga ajwayelekile.

Yabela umnini wokuphuma komlingani, wokusola ngokuhlaselwa ohlangothini lomlingani, kanye nezingucuko zenqubomgomo nokubuyisela. Ukushintsha umzila akubuyiseli ukuthembela kusihambisi okungenzeka ukuthi sesihlaselwe kakade, ngakho ukuhoxiswa kufanele kufinyelele nobunikazi be-HSM.

Ukuxhawula kwe-VPN okuqediwe kungokwalelo rekhodi. Akukwazi ukuthatha indawo yomphumela owodwa oqondene ne-HSM.