Hambisa umshini usuka ku-VPN uya endlini yokusebenzela ngaphandle kokuwulahla

Umshini ushiya isiza sekhasimende, ufika endlini yokusebenzela, futhi ugcina ubunikazi bempahla bufanayo nakuba indawo yayo kunethiwekhi ishintsha ngokuphelele. Izimo ezintathu zinquma ukuthi lowo mhambo udinga ukuhlelwa okungakanani. Ukuthi ikhasimende lisebenzisa kabusha amakheli nawe owasebenzisayo ngaphakathi, ukuthi ingxenye yendlu yokusebenzela ihlukanisiwe yini nenethiwekhi yabasebenzi, nokuthi umzila wakudala ungavinjwa ngokuphelele yini esikhundleni sokuthi umane ubekwe phezulu nje. Uma wenza iphutha kwesokuqala, uzobe ulungisa umshini ongenasici.

Ubunikazi akusilo ikheli

Uhlu lwempahla nokuqanjwa kwamagama kufanele kuphathe impahla, ikhasimende nomsebenzi. Ikheli liphatha indawo okuxhunyiwe kuyo umshini okwamanje, okuyiqiniso elishintsha lapho uhamba. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zinto ezimbili kudala iphutha elijwayelekile lokufunda incazelo kuzinombolo.

Inombolo ye-serial efakwe ku-octet yokugcina ibukeka iculile futhi ayifakazeli irutha lutho. Ubude be-prefix bungquma ukuthi isiphathi sibheka ini njengasendaweni, futhi akukho ukubalwa kwezinombolo okukhumbulekayo okushintsha leso sibalo.

Uma ufuna ikheli likhombise ikhasimende, lokho kuwumthetho wokuvumelana, futhi imithetho yokuvumelana ilungile inqobo nje uma kungekho muntu owakha inqubomgomo phezu kwayo. Sesha impahla kuhlu lwempahla, hhayi ikheli, futhi ukuhamba uya endlini yokusebenzela kuyeke ukuba ukuzingela okukhathazayo. Kubuye kusinde ekubhalweni kabusha kwezinombolo okuza emva kwesikhathi kuzo zonke iziza.

Inombolo ye-serial ayilona ubude be-prefix

Amadivayisi asebenzisa imaski ebanzi njengokuthi 10.0.0.0/8 azothatha lonke ikheli kulelo banga njengelixhunyiwe ngqo, ngakho ukuhamba kwedatha okuya kumshini wekhasimende osebangeni elingemuva kwamanethiwekhi amabili akufinyeleli nhlobo kurutha. Umshini umane usakaza kumakhelwane ongakwazi ukuphendula.

I-RFC 4632 ichaza ama-prefix ngobude bawo, hhayi ngalokho okusikiselwa yizinombolo ezinamachashazi. Uhlelo lwakho ludinga ubude obucacile beqembu ngalinye lokuxhumana: ingxenye yesevisi, umongo wekhasimende, itafula lendlu yokusebenzela. Ukuqamba lawo maqembu kuqala kwenza ubude bucace.

Umthetho osebenzayo ukuklama i-prefix encane kakhulu ehlanganisa iqembu elilodwa lokuxhumana futhi uyisebenzise yonke indawo kulelo qembu. Umbhalo wekheli ungowabantu; imaski yiyo into i-kernel esebenza ngayo.

Lapho amakhasimende amabili esebenzisa amakheli afanayo

Ikhasimende A nekhasimende B zombili zingasebenzisa 192.168.10.0/24, futhi zombili zizolunga ezakhlini zazo. Lokho akusiyo inkinga okufanele ixazululwe ngokubhala kabusha izinombolo zemboni yomunye umuntu.

Gcina imimongo ihlukene, noma nikeza ama-alias enziwe ngamabomu ngomklamo obhala ukuthi yiliphi ikheli elingeliphi ikhasimende ngesiphi isikhathi. Uhlu lwempahla lomhlaba wonke luyithuluzi elifanele lokuhlukanisa imishini; akusibo ubufakazi bokuthi amakheli ayingqayizivele emhlabeni wonke. Indlela ye-alias idinga umthetho wokuphelelwa kwesikhathi obhaliwe, kungenjalo izophila isikhathi eside kunomsebenzi eyiwudalile.

Into okufanele uyigweme ukuba yomibili imimongo ifinyeleleke ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kophawu. Amakheli amabili afanayo emizileni emibili esebenzayo iyona ndlela yokwehluleka ethumela isibuyekezo se-firmware kumshini ongafanele. Isibonakaliso asivamisile ukubonakala njengephutha; sibonakala njengedivayisi okuyisinye umuntu esiyilungise kabusha. Uphawu kuqala, bese kuba ukufinyeleleka.

Nikeza indlu yokusebenzela umngcele wayo

Imishini yekhasimende efika ukuze isevisiwe ifanele ibe ngxenyeni yesevisi enokufinyelela okuvunyelwe okucacile, hhayi ukuxhunywa kunethiwekhi yabasebenzi ngoba imbobo yetafula ibitholakala.

Thatha idivayisi yezimboni ongayijwayele njengokuthi isizinda esinye sokwethenjwa. Bhala ukuthi iyiphi i-host yobunjiniyela engayifinyelela, yiziphi izinsizakalo leyo hosti eyizidingayo, nokuthi yiziphi izifakazelo ezingezomsebenzi. Gcina amafayela ekhasimende nomsebenzi wekhasimende kunokuba abe kudrayivu eyabiwe wonke umuntu angayifunda.

Ukwehlukaniswa kufanele kusinde ngisho esikhathini esidikayo esiphakathi komsebenzi: ngenkathi kusibuyekezwa, ngenkathi kuhlala ubusuku bonke, nangenkathi kulindele umuntu ozokuthatha.

Nikeza umzila njengesinyathelo somsebenzi

Ngokuvamile irutha emaphakathi lifinyelela umshini ngomhubhe wekhasimende. Lapho umshini usetafuleni, umzila wendlu yokusebenzela uba ngumnikazi wale-prefix, noma wendawo encane uma udinga insizakalo eyodwa kuphela.

Bhala izinto ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhamba: umzila wakudala, umzila omusha, nokuthi ushintsho lubuyiselwa kanjani. Ukudlulisela okukhona kuphela emqondweni womuntu akuyona ukudlulisela.

Qaphela ama-metric. I-metric ephansi ibalulekile kuphela phakathi kwemizila inqubo yokukhetha eqhathanisa ngayo ngempela, futhi i-prefix ethile kakhulu noma umthetho wenqubomgomo kungaquma umphumela ngaphambi kokuba ama-metric abhekwe nhlobo.

Faka amaseshini agugile ohlelweni. Ukuxhumana okwasungulwa emzileni wakudala kungaqhubeka kuthumela imiyalo ngemva kokushintsha komzila, futhi yiso leso simo lapho amakhophi amabili ekheli elilodwa enza umonakalo wangempela. Vala umzila wakudala ngokucacile esikhundleni sokulinda ukuthi uphelelwe yisikhathi.

Vala umjikelezo lapho umshini uthunyelwa

Buyisela umzila wakude ohlosiwe, susa izimvume zesikhashana, futhi qinisekisa impahla endaweni yokugcina ocabanga ukuthi ikhethiwe. Bese uqinisekisa ngasohlangothini lwekhasimende hhayi endlini yokusebenzela kuphela.

Ukuxazululwa kwamagama kanye nohlu lwempahla kwenza umsebenzi obheke kumsebenzisi lapha: igama elizinzile nerekhodi yempahla esingaseshwa lenza umsebenzi ube yinto elindelekile ngenkathi uhlelo lwenethiwekhi luqhubeka luthembekile ngokuthi umshini ukupi namuhla.

Isivivinyo sokudlulisela okuhle ukuthi uzakwethu ongakaze awubone lo msebenzi angafunda amanothi akho futhi aphendule umbuzo owodwa: uma lo mshini uphendula manje, impendulo ivele kumuphi umzila? Uma amanothi engakwazi ukuphendula lokho, ukudlulisela kubhaliwe kodwa akukapheleli.