Ukutholwa kwe-PLC kwehluleka nge-VPN? Gcina i-Ethernet eduze komshini
Amathuluzi okulungisa adinga umzila, hhayi isigaba se-Ethernet esiboshwe ngebhuloho. Beka isibungu esilawulwayo esigabeni futhi ulawule leso sibungu esikhundleni sokwelula i-LAN.
Inkinobho yakho yokuthola iyazungeza ingapheli, ayitholi lutho, futhi ithikithi lithi umshini awukho ku-inthanethi. Umshini ukhululekile. Lokho ithuluzi elikusebenzisayo ukuthola amadivayisi kuleso sigaba akudluli umzila eliwunikeziwe, futhi impendulo evamile iwukwelula i-Ethernet yeklayenti phezu kwesixhumanisi sendawo ukuze inkinobho isebenze futhi. Qala ngokuthola ukuncika. Iningi lamathuluzi okulungisa lidinga umzila; lapho elilodwa lidinga intambo ngempela, impendulo ehlala isikhathi eside iyisibungu esilawulwayo eduze komshini, hhayi inethiwekhi eboshwe ngebhuloho phakathi kwezakhiwo ezimbili.
Kungani ukutholwa kufa emaphethelweni omhubhe onomzila
Umhubhe onomzila uthwala amaphakethe e-unicast phakathi kwamanethiwekhi amancane. Amafreyimu okusakaza kanye ne-multicast ahlala ngaphakathi kwesizinda esisodwa sokusakaza, futhi iphuzu lokugcina le-VPN liyilapho kuphela khona leso sizinda. Ithuluzi elithola amadivayisi ngokumemeza singene esigabeni lithola ukuthula, ngoba umemezo awuzange udluliselwe.
Kuyafana nakumaphrothokholi angewona neze i-IP, kanye namafreyimu omenzi ahamba ngqo ku-Ethernet. Lawa awakwazi ukuthunyelwa ngomzila yinoma yikuphi ukucushwa, yingakho ukwengeza imizila nemithetho ye-firewall enkingeni yokutholwa ngokuvamile akulethi ushintsho.
Qaphela okusasebenza kuleso simo. I-ping eya ekhelini elaziwayo kanye nokuxhumana kwe-unicast eya embobeni owaziwayo ngokuvamile kuyaphumelela, ngoba yizo izingxenye umhubhe owakhelwe zona. Leyo nhlanganisela, efinyeleleka ngekheli kodwa ingabonakali ekutholweni, iwuphawu lwesizinda sokusakaza esingekho hhayi inethiwekhi ephukile.
Qamba ukuncika ngaphambi kokukhetha ukuthutha
Funda imibhalo yethuluzi mayelana nendlela elithola ngayo amadivayisi nendlela elikhuluma ngayo nawo, bese uyiqhathanisa naleli thebula.
| What the tool needs | Routed tunnel enough | Local segment needed |
|---|---|---|
| Unicast to a known address, such as a web interface or Modbus TCP on 502 | Yes | No |
| Broadcast or multicast discovery of unknown devices | No | Yes |
| Non-IP or vendor-specific Layer 2 frames | No | Yes |
| A tool bound to one adapter or licence keyed to a MAC address | Usually no | Usually yes |
Uma zonke izimfuno esimweni sakho zisemgqeni wokuqala, ma kulesi sigaba bese ulungisa ukuthunyelwa ngomzila. Lokho kuwushintsho olushibhile futhi olulula kakhulu ukubuyekezwa kunanoma yimuphi umsebenzi we-topology, futhi kugcina isikhathi sokulungisa singaphakathi komzila wokufinyelela osekuvele ugunyazwe yiklayenti.
Ukutholwa kwe-multicast kusesikhathini esingakhululekile. Isibonisi noma isiphindaphindi singadlulisela ingxenye yako emananethiwekhi amancane, okwenza inkinobho isebenze futhi kwandise buthule lokho uhlangothi olukude olungakufinyelela. Kubheke njengokuklanywa ngamabomu okunomnini, hhayi njengebhokisi lokumaka elisizayo.
Beka isibungu esilawulwayo esigabeni bese ungena kuso ngokude
Iphethini ehlala ibhekwa kungcwabo ayicwebezeli. Isiteshi somsebenzi wonjiniyela esigunyazwe yiklayenti sixhunywe esigabeni sokulungisa somshini, futhi uchwepheshe uxhuma kuleso siteshi ngomzila wefayela wokungena okude ogunyaziwe. Ithuluzi lisebenza lapho kukhona intambo; umuntu usebenza lapho akhona.
Khona-ke akukho lutho enethiwekhi yasekhaya yochwepheshe oluba yingxenye ye-Ethernet yomshini, futhi akukho bhuloho elakhiwa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezingakaze zivumelane ukwabelana ngesizinda sokwehluleka.
Gcina isizinda sendawo sincane ngangokunokwenzeka umsebenzi. I-VLAN yokulungisa eyodwa enesibungu esisodwa esilawulwayo inendawo yokusakaza elinganiselwe, isizinda semijikelezo elinganiselwe, nokwehluleka okuhlala ngaphakathi kwemboni esikhundleni sokusabalalisa ngomzila we-WAN ngehora lesithathu ekuseni.
Nika leso sibungu umsebenzi owodwa, umnini kanye nomsindo wocwaningo
Qamba umnini, bhala uhlu lwesofthiwe evunyelwe, chaza ukuthi ibuyekezwa kanjani, futhi urekhode ukuthi yibaphi abasebenzisi abangayifinyelela. Gcina amafayela omsebenzi nemininingwane yokugunyazwa kuxhumene neklayenti elifanele, ngoba ikhompyutha ephathwayo yonjiniyela eyabiwe futhi ehambele izindawo eziyisithupha iyinkinga yomngcele wedatha elindele ukutholwa.
Bese ubheka amajelo abantu abawakhohlwayo. Ukuvumelanisa ibhodi yokunamathisela, ukudlulisa amafayela, amadrayivu abonisiwe kanye nokwabelana nge-adaptha konke kuhambisa idatha ngaphesheya komngcele, futhi isikhathi sokubonisa kude asikwenzi lutho kwalokho mahhala. Thatha isinqumo ngakunye ngokusobala kulo msebenzi esikhundleni sokuthola njengefa lokho okwenziwa yiklayenti ngokuzenzakalela. Iwindi loshintsho leklayenti likulo nalolo sinqumo, ngoba ukufinyeleleka akufani nemvume yokwenza.
Mayelana nohlaka lwenqubomgomo, idokhumenti ye-NIST SP 800-82r3 ibheka ukulungiswa okude njengokungena okulawulwayo ohlelweni lokusebenza, lapho ukuxhumana nemiphumela yezisetshenziswa kucutshungulwa ndawonye.
Buyekeza ukunwetshwa kwe-L2 njengokuklanywa kwayo
Uma othile esafuna i-Ethernet yeluliwe, kubheke njengephrojekthi ehlukile enobungozi bayo. Buza ukuthi isizinda esihlanganisiwe sokusakaza nesihlahla sokunweba sibukeka kanjani, ukuthi ukwabiwa kwamakheli phakathi kwezinhlangano ezimbili kulawulwa kanjani, ukuthi kwenzekani lapho uhlangothi olulodwa lwenza umjikelezo, nokuthi ubani ogunyaza izinguquko emaphethelweni ngamunye. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorathri okuphumelelayo akuphenduli leyo mibuzo, futhi nakanjani akuqinisekisi ukuhambisana kwamadivayisi, umthamo wokudlulisa noma ukululama ngemva kokwehluleka kwesixhumanisi.
Yamukela iphethini lesibungu sendawo ngokufakazela izinto ezintathu: ithuluzi lenza umsebenzi elikhona ngawo, umsebenzisi okude ugunyaziwe kulo msebenzi, futhi amasistimu enqatshiwe ahlala engafinyeleleki kuleso sibungu. Bese uhoxisa ukungena kwesikhashana ekupheleni komsebenzi okuvunyelwene ngakho, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi akusekho.
Lokho kushiya iklayenti nendawo elawulwayo yokwenza ukulungisa kwendawo, okuyisithembiso esincane kunenethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe futhi okulula kakhulu ukusigcina.