Ukusetha i-VPN ku-Mac: khetha iklayenti elihambisana nephrofayili yakho

Setha iklayenti elishiwo umqhubi wakho we-VPN, bese ufakazela ithuneli ngensiza yangasese oyidingayo ngempela. I-Mac ingagcina ukucushwa kwe-VPN kwangempela kuzilungiselelo zesistimu, kodwa ifayela le-OpenVPN noma le-WireGuard lidinga isoftware eqonda ifomethi, futhi lezo ziyizindlela ezihlukene zokusetha. Uhlobo lwemininingwane yokungena lunquma ukuthi ukungena kuzohluleka kanjani, ngakho kulifunde ngaphambi kokuthi uthayiphe noma yini. Hlola umphumela ngalokho okubuyiswa yinsiza yangasese, hhayi ngesithonjana esisemugqeni wemenyu.

Hlanganisa iklayenti nephrofayili oyinikiwe

Qala ngefayela noma ngemiyalelo eyathunyelwa umqhubi wakho, hhayi ngohlu lwamaphrothokholi olusekhasini lokulanda. Ifomu le-VPN langempela kuzilungiselelo zesistimu lisebenza nezinhlobo ezithile; iphrofayili ye-OpenVPN noma ukucushwa kwe-WireGuard kudinga uhlelo lokusebenza oluyihlaziyayo. I-Mac elawulwayo ingase isivele ithole ukuxhumana kwayo kusuka ekuphathweni kwedivayisi, futhi ukwengeza iphrofayili yesibili phezu kwalokho kudala ukungqubuzana esikhundleni sokusetha. Bheka lokho okukhona ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini.

Indlela yokungena ivela kuphrofayili, futhi ngokuvamile ingenye kwezintathu: iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti, isitifiketi seklayenti, noma umusho wokungena ovula ukhiye wangasese. Iphasiwedi engalungile nesitifiketi esenqatshiwe kokubili kumisa ukuxhumana, kodwa akufundwa ngendlela efanayo, futhi kuphindwa okukodwa kuphela okulashwa ngokusetha kabusha iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti. Funda ukwenqatshwa ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini: isitifiketi esiphelelwe yisikhathi noma esingathenjwa sisahluleka ngemva kokusetha kabusha iphasiwedi, kuyilapho iphasiwedi embi ihluleka ngokushesha, emzamweni wokuqala.

Gcina izinto zangasese zingekho kumalogi abiwe. Umusho wokungena wokhiye, isitifiketi seklayenti nokhiye waso akufanele kube sengxoxweni nomuntu osebenza naye, futhi isithombe sesikrini somhleli wephrofayili ngokuvamile siveza okuningi kunalokho okulindelwe umthumeli. Uma umqhubi enikeza ifayela elingeniswayo, lingenise esikhundleni sokuphinda ubhale amanani ngesandla.

Fakazela ukuthi kuyasebenza ensizeni, hhayi esithonjaneni

Iphrofayili yomsebenzi ivamise ukuqondisa kuphela izindawo zasehhovisi, ngakho ikheli lomphakathi olibona ngenkathi uphequlula lingahlala linye ngenkathi uhlelo lwangasese lusebenza. Kuphrofayili yokuphuma yomuntu siqu, ikheli olibona ngaphandle kufanele lishintshe, futhi kuphrofayili yomsebenzi ngokuvamile akufanele lishintshe. Linganisa lowo mehluko ngaphambi kokuthi uphethe ngokuthi ithuneli liphukile.

Bese uvula insiza oyidingayo ngempela: isabelo samafayela, ikhasi lokuphatha, isibungu sedathabheyi. Ikhasi lokuqala elilayishwa ngethuneli lifakazela ukuthi ithuneli lithwala ithrafikhi ethile, hhayi ukuthi lithwala ithrafikhi owawuyihlosile. Uma isiphequluli sisakhombisa ikheli lokuqala ngenkathi iphrofayili kufanele ilishintshe, qhathanisa izinto ezintathu: uhlelo olusetshenziswayo, umndeni wamakheli, nenqubomgomo ye-proxy. I-proxy yesiphequluli noma indlela ye-IPv6 ingahambisa ithrafikhi izungeze i-VPN ngenkathi ithuneli ngokwalo linempilo.

Lapho iklayenti liveza ithebula lokuqondisa, funda indlela ezenzakalelayo nendlela yethuneli. Lolo kubhangqwana kubhalisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomklamo oluwusebenzisile ngempela.

Uma iyeka ukusebenza, thola ungqimba oluphukile

Ukusetha obekusebenza ngaphambili ngokuvamile kuye kwaphuka ngoba kukhona okuhlangene endleleni: iklayenti lesibili le-VPN, i-ejenti yezokuphepha, isihlungi sokuqukethwe, isandiso esisha senethiwekhi. Sebenzisa izinto zokuxilonga zomkhiqizo uqobo esikhundleni sokuthi ususe izintandokazi noma usethe kabusha isitaki senethiwekhi, okuyithemba hhayi ukuxilonga. Xhumanisa ukwehluleka nesehlakalo, kungaba ukulala, ukushintsha kwe-Wi-Fi, ukungena kwe-portal noma isibuyekezo seklayenti, futhi uphawule ukuthi kuyaphindeka yini. Isicupho esiphindekayo kufanele sibe sethikithi kanye nesikhathi esenzeka ngaso.

Amagama ehluleka ngendlela ehlukile kunezindlela. Isibungu sangasese kufanele sifinyelelwe ngamagama aso aphelele abhalisiwe, futhi amagama amafushane asehhovisi ancike kusisombululi sangaphakathi kanye nesizinda sokusesha esikhona kuphela endleleni yenkampani. Shintsha leso sisombululi ngesevisi ye-DNS yomphakathi, amagama amafushane ayeka ukuxazululeka ngokuphelele, lokho kubonakala njengethuneli eliphukile kodwa akulona.

scutil --dns
dscacheutil -q host -a name intranet.example.com

Kokuphuma scutil --dns kokushicilelwe, thola isisombululi esinesizinda sokusesha esihambisana nesizinda senkampani yakho bese ufunda iseva yamagama esikhomba kuyo; izinto ezibalwe ngaphansi kokucushwa kwe-DNS zikhombisa ukuthi isiphi isisombululi esinikezwa yinethiwekhi ngayinye. Uma isisombululi senkampani sibonakala kuphela kwenye inethiwekhi, noma isiphequluli siqhuba i-DNS yaso ebhaliwe, uhlelo olulodwa luxazulula igama kuyilapho konke okunye kuhluleka.

Susa iphrofayili ongasayidingi ngendlela eyayifake, ngoba ukususa umbhalo wasekhaya kushiya i-akhawunti yohlangothi lweseva iphila futhi iklayenti elidala lingasafuna izindlela ezifanayo. Ku-Mac elawulwayo, inqubo yokususa yomlawuli yiyo eqhutshwayo. Bhala phansi igama lephrofayili, ikheli leseva kanye nensiza esebenzayo ngaphambi kokususa noma yini, ukuze ukubuyisela kungaqali kusuka kuqanda.