Ukuhlola umzila we-VPN ku-macOS: route get ngaphandle kokushintsha lutho

Umsebenzisi ufinyelela i-intranet kunethiwekhi yasehhovisi hhayi ngomhubhe, kuyilapho Izilungiselelo zisabonisa ukuthi i-VPN ixhunyiwe. Ukuhlela ithebula lemizila ngaleso sikhathi kungase kunqamule isikhathi sekhonsoli esikude osisebenzisayo ukuxilonga. Esikhundleni salokho buza i-kernel ukuthi iyothi yikuphi umzila eyokukhetha kuyo inkampani ehlulekayo. Ithuluzi le-route ku-macOS linomsebenzi we-get ophendula ngqo lokho, endaweni eyodwa, ngaphandle kokushintsha lutho.

Buza inkampani ehlulekayo, hhayi umzila ozenzakalelayo

Isithombe sesikrini somzila ozenzakalelayo asisho okuningi ku-Mac yesimanje, ngoba indawo ethile kakhulu noma inqubomgomo ekhawulelwe ingadlula lokho umzila ozenzakalelayo obonakala ukusho. Umhubhe ungase ube phezulu, umzila ozenzakalelayo ungabonakala ulungile, futhi inkampani eyodwa oyidingayo ingase ihlelwe kwenye indawo. Buza ikheli elihlulekayo futhi uvumele i-kernel ukuba ibize umzila ewukhethile.

Isimo si-route -n get silandelwa yikheli: route -n get 203.0.113.10, lapho ikheli ledokhumenti limele umgomo wakho. Sebenzisa indawo egunyaziwe kanye nomndeni wekheli ohambisanayo, ngoba impendulo ye-IPv4 ayisho lutho mayelana nensiza ye-IPv6 kuphela. Idokhumenti lethuluzi le-route ichaza umsebenzi we-get kanye nezinkambu ezizinyathelayo.

Funda i-interface ne-gateway njengobufakazi

Gijimisa umbuzo ngaphambi kokuxhuma i-VPN, bese uphinda ngemuva kwalokho, futhi uqhathanise imigqa ye-interface ne-gateway. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zimpendulo ezimbili yilokho umhubhe okushintshile ngempela, futhi ubaluleke kakhulu kunokukhipha ithebula lonke. Uma i-interface ifana kukho kokubili ukugijima, umzila awukaze ube yinkinga futhi ungayeka ukubheka ukuhlelwa komzila.

Bhala phansi indawo, i-interface, i-gateway kanye nesikhathi sombuzo ngaphambi kokwenza isiphetho. Umphumela uwubufakazi, hhayi ukuxilongwa: i-interface efanayo ingase ilungele inkampani eyodwa futhi ingalungi kwenye lapho kuhileleke umhubhe ohlukanisiwe.

Umzila olungile awusona isicelo esisebenzayo

Umzila ukutshela ukuthi i-kernel izosebenzisa iyiphi i-interface, hhayi okunye. I-DNS, i-firewall yekhampani kanye nogunyazo lohlelo lokusebenza kume phezu kwaleso sinqumo, futhi isicelo singehluleka ngemuva kokuphumelela kokuhlelwa komzila. Gcina uphawu oluqondile ngaphambi kokudlulela phambili, ngoba "ayikwazi ukuxhumana" kanye "iyaxhumana kodwa ibuyisela iphutha" kunguphenyo oluhlukene olunezinyathelo ezilandelayo ezihlukene. Umbono wesixazululi nombono we-interface kugcwalisa umbuzo wendawo esikhundleni sokuwushintsha.

Uhlu lwethebula lokuhlela umzila lusenendawo: yilapho ubona khona okuzimele okungalindelekile. Okuzimele okuvamile okusele akufakazi ukuthi i-VPN ayisetshenziswa, ngoba okufakiwe okuqondile kakhulu kuyayinqoba.

Hlukanisa iphoyinti lokugcina kanye nensiza

Kunezinto ezimbili zokusesha futhi ziphendula imibuzo ehlukene. Ukufinyelela iphoyinti lokugcina kuwuhambo lwangaphandle oludabula inethiwekhi ebonakalayo. Ukufinyelela uhlelo lokusebenza kwenzeka ngaphakathi komhubhe, ekhelini elikhona kuphela ohlangothini lwangasese. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zimbili kudala umjikelezo wamanga ojwayelekile, lapho iphoyinti lokugcina libonakala lihlelwa ngomhubhe eliwuqedayo. Buza womabili amakheli ngokuhlukana, beka ilebula kumphumela ngamunye, futhi ukudideka kuyanyamalala.

Ukuhlangana kwezandulela kwesinye isimo okufanele sikwaziwe. Lapho izigaba zasendaweni nezikude zihlangana, ukufana kwesandulela eside kakhulu kuyanquma, ngakho i-subnet yasendaweni ehlanganayo ingase isibekele ikheli elikude obulilindele. Indawo ywangasese ibe isibonakala ifana neyasendaweni, futhi ukulungiswa kungokwepulani lamakheli hhayi ithebula lemizila. Umbuzo we-get ubonisa ukuthi iyiphi i-interface enqobile, futhi lokho kuyiqiniso olidingayo ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini.

Funda kuqala, shintsha kamuva

Gcina route add kanye route delete ngaphandle komzuliswano wokuqala. Ku-Mac oyilawula kude, ukuhlela ithebula okukodwa kokunganaki kungase kuthathe umzila wokubuyela emshinini, futhi kungasali muntu ongaqeda ukuxilongwa. Nquma ukuthi umuphi umzila olungile, bhala phansi ukuthi ukushintsha kuhoxiswa kanjani, bese uyigijimisa kuphela ngemva kwalokho. Ukuhlola akunawo umsila onjalo.

Ukuqapha okufanayo kuyasebenza ekususeni ama-cache nasekuqalisweni kabusha kwezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi njengesinyathelo sokuqala, ngoba kokubili kubhubhisa ubufakazi obuzokufunda. Izihlolo zokufunda kuphela zishibhe, ziyaphindeka futhi ziphephile kunoma yikuphi ukulandelana. Zenze isinyathelo esizenzakalelayo, futhi welulela esikhundleni kuphela lapho ubufakazi bukhomba khona.