I-checksum embi ekuthwebuleni kwe-VPN akukona ukulimala kwefayela

Umhlaziyi umaka iphakethe njengelinochecksum embi, futhi ifayela elilandiwe libonakala lingalungile, ngakho imibono emibili ihlanganiswa ibe yindaba eyodwa mayelana nokonakala ku-VPN. Lokhu kuyizilinganiso ezahlukene ezithathwe ezindaweni ezahlukene. Enye ichaza lokho okwabonwa indlela yokuthwebula ngaphambi kokuba i-adaptha yenethiwekhi iqede umsebenzi wayo; enye ichaza amabhayithi agcinwe uhlelo lokusebenza. Ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi okuqinisile okwashintsha yikho konke ukuxilongwa.

Ukuthwebula kumi kuphi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-adaptha

Ukuthwebula iphakethe kuyisithombe sesikhashana endaweni eyodwa yendlela equkethe izinguquko eziningana. Phakathi kwesitaki sokusebenza kanye nocingo kukhona ukuhlukanisa, ukubala i-checksum kanye, ekwamukelweni, ukuhlanganisa. Indawo yokuthwebula ikhombisa isimo ngaleso sikhathi, esingavamile ukufana nefreyimu yokugcina ocingweni. Ukukufunda sengathi wucingo uqobo yiyo indlela indawo yokubamba ishintsha ngayo ibe yicala.

Ngakho umbuzo owusizo mayelana nanoma iyiphi indawo esolisayo awukona ukuthi ibukeka ingalungile yini, kodwa ukuthi yabonwa kuphi. Bhala eceleni kokutholakele isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuthwebula, inguqulo yomhlaziyi kanye noshevu wephakethe; ngaphandle kwalezi zintathu, ilebula ye-checksum ayikwazi ukuhunyushwa nhlobo.

I-offload yokuthumela yenzani emkhondweni

Uma i-offload ye-checksum yokuthumela ivuliwe, i-adaptha ibala i-checksum bese igcwalisa indawo ngemuva kokuba isiphethi ifake iphakethe emugqeni. Ngakho ukuthwebula ohlangothini lwesiphethi kuqopha indawo yokubamba, futhi umhlaziyi ubika i-checksum ucingo olungakaze lukuthwale. I-offload yokuhlukanisa nayo idala into yokwenziwa efanayo, ngoba isiphethi singanikeza i-adaptha ibhafa elilodwa elikhulu eliba amafreyimu amaningana kamuva.

Incwadi yokubhekisela ye-Wireshark mayelana ne-offload ichaza imiphumela yomibili futhi iphawula ukuthi ukubona ama-checksum ayizingxenye kuncike enguqulweni yomhlaziyi kanye nohlobo lwephakethe. Yingakho ithuluzi lokuthwebula elidala nelisha lingase lingavumelani ngomkhondo ofanayo ngenkathi womabili ewufunda ngendlela efanele.

I-encapsulation yengeza into yesibili

I-VPN ifaka iphakethe lesibili esithombeni. Isixhumi sesitimela sikhombisa iphakethe langaphakathi elethwa uhlelo lokusebenza ngempela, kuyilapho isixhumi esibonakalayo somzimba sikhombisa ukuxhumana kwangaphandle okufakiwe okukuthwalayo. I-checksum noma ubude obuthathwe epheketheni langaphakathi akukona okwefreyimu yangaphandle, futhi ukuqhathanisa kokubili sengathi kuchaza into efanayo kuveza ubuwula.

Uma kudingeka uqhathanise, qhathanisa okufanayo nokufanayo: okwangaphakathi nokwangaphakathi, okwangaphandle nokwangaphandle, endaweni efanayo yendlela. Ipheya lezindawo elingahambisani lifakaza kuphela ukuthi kukalwe izinto ezimbili ezihlukene. Qaphela ukuthi umkhondo ngamunye uvela kusiphi isixhumi, ngoba ukuthwebula komhubhe okubonakala kuhlanzekile akusho lutho mayelana nalokho okukhishwe i-adaptha.

Fakaza ubuqotho befayela ngama-hash

Efayeleni ngokwalo, bala i-hash yokuqukethwe kusuka emthonjeni ongenziwa kabusha kanye nomphumela ogciniwe, bese uqhathanisa izifinyezo. Lokho kuphendula umbuzo ohlukile kunanoma iyiphi ilebula yephakethe ngayinye, futhi kuwuphendula mayelana nento umsebenzisi ayikhathalele ngempela.

sha256sum payload.bin
sha256sum /srv/transfer/payload.bin
cmp -l payload.bin /srv/transfer/payload.bin | head

Izifinyezo ezilinganayo zivala umbuzo wokonakala kwalokho kudluliswa. Izifinyezo ezihlukene zivula omncane: thola isigaba sokuqala lapho amabhayithi ahlukana khona, futhi uhlole ukuthi kukhona yini okuguqule ifayela ngamabomu. Ukugcinwa okuyingxenye, isithasiselo esibhalwe kabusha kanye nekhasi lephutha eligcinwe ngaphansi kwegama lefayela elilindelekile konke kushintsha amabhayithi ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwenethiwekhi.

Thola indlela ye-adaptha ngaphandle kokuyenza ibe ngunaphakade

Ngenkinga ephindaphindekayo elandela idokodo elilodwa noma i-adaptha eyodwa, gcina iphrofayela ye-VPN, uhlelo lokusebenza, into yokuhlola kanye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo kumile, bese uphinda ukudluliswa ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esisekelwayo esihlukile. Umphumela oshintsha ne-adaptha ubeka iphutha kuleyo ndlela; awukakakhombisi ukulungiselelwa kwedrayivera futhi awufakazi iphutha lalo lonke imodeli.

Ukuvala i-offload emhlabeni wonke kuyisilingo esihehayo kanye nokuzenzakalelayo okubi. Ukulungiselelwa kwesiphethi sonke kuthinta ithrafikhi ekude kakhulu kunokuhlola futhi kungaba nezindleko zokusebenza zangempela, ngakho thatha noma yiluphi ushintsho olunjalo njengolwesikhashana, lushicilele phansi futhi ulubuyisele. Sebenzisa ukuxilongwa okusekelwa umkhiqizi ngaphambi kokugcina isisombululo sokwedlula esibolekwe komunye umshini.

Umbiko kufanele usho ukuthi yimuphi kwemiphumela emithathu oshintshile: ukuhunyushwa komhlaziyi kwephakethe, amabhayithi aqediwe ohlelo lokusebenza, noma ukwenziwa kabusha kwendlela eyodwa ye-adaptha. Lokhu kuholela ezenzweni ezintathu ezilandelayo ezihlukene, futhi kukodwa kuphela kuzo okumayelana nokubethela.