I-VPN engenayo ku-Windows noma isiphathi se-OpenVPN: khetha ngemizuzu emihlanu

I-Windows ingamukela uxhumano lwe-VPN ngaphandle kokuthile okufakiwe ngaphandle kwesistimu yokusebenza, futhi lokho kusiza ngempela lapho imishini emibili oyiphethe idinga ithunjana isikhathi sasemini esisodwa. Ihlala iwusizo cishe isikhathi esingakanani. Isilaleli esakhelwe ngaphakathi sinemenyu yezinqubo engashintshi, asinamgomo wokuxoxa neklayenti ngayinye, futhi sincike kudesktop umuntu angayivala. Ukukhetha phakathi kwaso, ikhopho lokugcina kusiphathi soshintsho kanye OpenVPN isiphathi kuncike ezimisweni ezintathu, hhayi ekuthandeni.

Yini isilaleli esakhelwe ngaphakathi ngempela

Isiqondisi soxhumano olungenayo siguqula isiteshi sokusebenza sibe ikhopho lokugcina elincane lokufinyelela kude. Ukhetha ukuthi yimaphi ama-akhawunti endawo angashaya, ukuthi amakheli anikezwa kanjani nokuthi iyiphi inqubo evuliwe: PPTP, kanye ne-L2TP/IPsec noma i-SSTP lapho uhlelo kanye nomsebenzi wesitifiketi kuzisekela khona.

Lokho okungeyona iqembu lemigomo. Akukho kwabiwa kwemizila kumsebenzisi ngamunye, akukho thunjana elihlukanisiwe eliphoqwa iseva, futhi akukho kwahlukanisa phakathi kwethunjana kanye nobuqhotho benethiwekhi besiteshi sokusebenza uqobo. Iklayenti elixhumayo lihlala endaweni efanayo nesiteshi sokusebenza, ngaphansi kwemithetho yodonga lomlilo yaleyo ndawo.

Yilokho okugcina okufanele kukalwe. Amachweba, izabelo kanye nesiphequluli sesiteshi sokusebenza manje kuyafinyeleleka kunoma ubani ophethe i-akhawunti, futhi i-akhawunti iyi-akhawunti yasekhaya ye-Windows nayo yonke enye into esivele ikwazi ukuyenza.

Izinqubo ezintathu ezenza isinqumo

Buza ukuthi ukufinyelela kufanele kuqhubeke isikhathi esingakanani, bangaki abantu abakudingayo, nokuthi ingabe inethiwekhi ingakwazi ngisho ukuletha inqubo.

Uma impendulo iwumshini owodwa, umuntu oyedwa kanye namahora ambalwa kunethiwekhi lapho ulawula khona isiphathi soshintsho, isilaleli esakhelwe ngaphakathi silingana. Uma ukufinyelela kufanele kudlule ukuqalisa kabusha isikhathi esingangenyanga, kukhonze osihlobo abahlanu ngemibhalo yokugunyaza ehlukene, noma kusebenze kusuka kunethiwekhi yeselula engakwazi ukwamukela ukuxhumana okungenayo, akusiko. Uma inqubo idinga inqubo ye-IP 47 esikhundleni sechweba, inethiwekhi ingase inqabe ukuyiletha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Windows isekela ini.

Lezo zimpendulo ezintathu zisusa ingxenye enkulu yengxabano ngasikhathi sinye. Okusele imininingwane yokuqaliswa.

Lapho ikhopho lokugcina kusiphathi soshintsho linqoba khona

Ithunjana eliphela kusiphathi soshintsho liwukukhetha kwemvelo kokufinyelela unomphela. Isiphathi soshintsho sesivele sivuliwe njalo, singathwala ithunjana phakathi kwezindawo liye kwelinye ihhovisi, futhi amaklayenti awadingi lutho olufakiwe uma isiphathi soshintsho sinikeza inqubo abayisebenzisayo.

Umkhawulo i-firmware. Iziphathi zoshintsho zabasebenzisi zivame ukusekela ingxenye kuphela yalokho okukuvumela ukucaciswa, futhi imodeli ekhangisa ukusekelwa kwe-VPN ingase ingabi nayo inqubo efanayo oyihlelile. Bheka uhlu lwezici ze-firmware efakiwe, hhayi lolwazi lomkhiqizo.

Lapho isiphathi se-OpenVPN sinqoba khona

Iseva ye-OpenVPN kumshini omncane ovuliwe njalo ilingana namaklayenti axubile, abasebenzisi abaningi abanemibhalo yokugunyaza ehlukene, kanye namamethiwekhi lapho ichweba elilodwa elifanele ukuhamba liphuma khona liwumehluko phakathi kokusebenza nokuvalwa. Ikhipha iphrofayili kuklayenti ngayinye, isebenza kuzo zonke izinkundla ezinkulu, futhi ngasohlangothini lweklayenti iziphatha njengohlelo olujwayelekile oluphumayo.

Idinga nomnikazi. Othile kufanele avuselele izitifiketi, asebenzise izibuyekezo zesiphathi futhi afunde ilogi lapho iklayenti lingakwazi ukuxhumana. Ngaphandle kwalowo muntu, ikhopho lokugcina elihlaliswe nguwe ngokwakho liwohloka buthule kuze kube usuku olubalulekile.

Hlola indlela ngaphambi kokuthembisa ukufinyelela

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokwehluleka kwesilaleli se-Windows akusikho ukuqinisekiswa. Isizathu indlela: i-PPTP idinga i-TCP 1723 engenayo kanye ne-GRE, okuyinqubo 47 hhayi ichweba, futhi iziphathi zoshintsho eziningi zidlulisa amachweba kuphela. Amanye amamethiwekhi okufinyelela awakuvumeli nhlobo ukuxhumana okungenayo. Lelo qiniso elilodwa likhipha isilaleli esakhelwe ngaphakathi emathanjeni amaningi kunanoma yisiphi isilungiselelo se-Windows.

Hlola indlela ngaphambi kokuhlela ama-akhawunti, ukuze ukwehluleka kube nomuntu oyedwa ozobuzwa imibuzo esikhundleni sabathathu:

Test-NetConnection -ComputerName 203.0.113.45 -Port 1723
Get-NetAdapterBinding | Where-Object ComponentID -like ms_pptp
ss -lunp | grep 1194

Ichweba elivaliwe emugqeni wokuqala inkinga yokudlulisa noma yomhlinzeki, hhayi inkinga ye-Windows. Umugqa wesithathu ukuhlolwa oyokwenza ngemva kokukhetha i-OpenVPN, lapho ichweba elilodwa le-UDP elilalele lithatha indawo yombuzo wonke wenqubo.

Noma yikuphi ukukhetha okukhethayo, ungashiyi i-PPTP ibheke ku-inthanethi njengelungiselelo lesikhathi eside; ukuqinisekiswa kwayo nokubethela kwayo kuphelelwe yisikhathi. Futhi uma isidingo sangempela siwuhlelo olulodwa lwewebhu, ummeleli ophambene uyimpendulo encane kune-VPN.