Amaphakethe eVPN angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi: buza umshini oqondiwe ukuthi udingani

Udinga iklayenti le-VPN ukufinyelela inethiwekhi evamise ukuhlinzeka ngamaphakethe ayo, futhi lokho kuyisiyingi esincane esihle. Ukulanda i-DEB eyodwa ye-OpenVPN komunye umshini ngokuvamile kuphetha ngokuncika kwesibili okungekho, bese kuba eyesithathu, bese kuba ubusuku bukhona kugqagqana nezinguqulo zamalabhulali. Enye indlela ukuthi uvumele umshini ongaxhunyiwe ukuthi usho, ngamazwi awo, ukuthi umphathi wamaphakethe wawo udingani. Konke okungezansi kuvela kulokho kuhlanekezelwa kokuthi ubani obuzayo.

Ezinhlelweni zomndeni wakwa-Debian leyo ngxoxo yenzeka nge-apt-offline, okuyinqubo yesicelo nokubuya. Isikhathi sayo sokusebenza kufanele sibe khona kuqala kumqondiwe, sifakwe kusuka kumidiya egunyaziwe noma kwenye i-bootstrap ephethwe ngumlawuli, ngoba alikho ithuluzi elingazethula lona ebufeni.

Qala esimweni samaphakethe omqondiwe, hhayi esomthusile

Qopha ukukhishwa kwesabelo, ukwakheka kwendawo yomsebenzisi kanye nemithombo yamaphakethe emisiwe yomqondiwe ngaphambi kwanoma yini enye. Lawo maqiniso amathathu anquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuqaliswa kwe-VPN nokuphi ukuhlanganiswa kwedeskithophu okufanele, futhi yiwo maqiniso umthusile oxhunyiwe angenakuwahlinzeka.

Umthusile ulanda amafayela; akabi isisekelo sokuncika. Ikhompyutha ephathekayo emisha esivele inokufakwa kwe-OpenVPN inesimo samaphakethe esihluke ngokuphelele kumqondiwe, ngakho impumelelo yayo ayifakazeli lutho mayelana nalokho umqondiwe angakwamukela.

Futhi nquma ukuthi yini oyifunayo ngempela. Injini ye-VPN, isevisi yokuxhumana ye-NetworkManager kanye nomhleli wemifanekiso ngamaphakethe ahlukene, futhi ukukhetha okulungile kuncike kukukhishwa nasekutheni umsebenzisi ezophatha ngakho ukuxhumana. Iseva engenakhanda idinga injini nefayela lokumisa; ideskithophu idinga isengezo esivumela izilungiselelo zayo zenethiwekhi ukuba zibe ngumnikazi womhubhe. Ukucela isethi engalungile kukhiqiza ukufakwa okuphumelelayo nokuxhumana okungeke kuqalwe muntu.

Imikhuko emibili, ngalolu hlelo

Incwadi ihlukanisa imisebenzi emithathu: khiqiza isicelo kusistimu engaxhunyiwe, landa kumthusile oxhunyiwe, bese ungenisa emuva kumqondiwe. Vuselela imethadatha yedepho yomqondiwe ngaphambi kokucela amaphakethe, ngoba isicelo samaphakethe sakhiwe kusuka kuleyo methadatha, futhi izinkomba eziyingqayizivele zikhiqiza izicelo umthusile angenakuzifeza.

Kumqondiwe, umyalo womlawuli osesimweni apt-offline set vpn-meta.sig --update ubhala isicelo sokuvuselela. Yisa lelo fayela emshinini oxhunyiwe futhi ulande inyanda nge apt-offline get vpn-meta.sig --bundle vpn-meta.zip. Buyisa inyanda futhi uyingenise kumqondiwe nge apt-offline install vpn-meta.zip, futhi njengomlawuli.

Manje khiqiza isicelo samaphakethe kusuka kumethadatha evuselelwe, isibonelo apt-offline set vpn-deps.sig --install-packages openvpn, futhi phinda umkhuko ngegama elisha lenyanda. Gcina isicelo ngasinye sikanye nenyanda esiyikhiqizile; inyanda ekhiqizwe ngokumelene nemethadatha endala ayisona isicelo esifanayo, ngisho noma amagama amafayela abonakala eshintsheka.

Engeza amaphakethe okuhlanganisa kuphela lapho umklamo uwadinga

Uma ideskithophu kufanele iphathe umhubhe ngezilungiselelo zayo zenethiwekhi, isicelo sidinga isengezo esifanayo kanye nenjini. Fakisa amagama athile amaphakethe anikezwa ukukhishwa kwakho esikhundleni sohlu olukhunjulwe kolunye usabalaliso, futhi khiqiza isicelo esisha njalo lapho uhlu lushintsha. Ukubophela inguqulo nakho kufanele kucatshangelwe: iphakethe elakhelwe ukukhishwa okusha lingase lifinyelele igama futhi lihluleke ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Yilapho isethi eqinile yamaphakethe amane iba umthwalo, ngoba uhlu olulungile luyisici somqondiwe futhi umqondiwe kuphela ongalubala.

Nalapha isethi eqinile yamaphakethe amane iba umthwalo. Uhlu olulungile luyisici somqondiwe, futhi umqondiwe uwumshini kuphela ongalubala ngendlela efanele.

Ukungenisa inyanda akukhona ukufaka i-VPN

Naphezu kwegama, umsebenzi wokufaka ubeka idatha ye-APT endaweni yokuphatha amaphakethe. Awuwenzi umsebenzi wamaphakethe. Qedela futhi uhlole ukufakwa kwangempela kwe-APT komqondiwe kusuka kudatha enikezwe endaweni, futhi funda okukhiphayo esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi impumelelo ye-ZIP isho ukuthi isoftwe ikhona.

Uma lowo msebenzi usafuna amafayela angatholakali, gcina ukuncika okuthile okungekho noma iphutha ledepho futhi ukhiqize isicelo esilandelayo kusuka kukho. Ungashintshi i-DEB evela kolunye ukukhishwa, futhi ungacishi ukuhlolwa kwe-checksum noma ukuqinisekiswa kwedepho ukuze uyiphogelele. Incwadi ixwayisa ngokusobala ngokweqa ukuqinisekiswa kwamafayela alandiwe, futhi ngokufanele: iphakethe elingaqinisekisiwe liwumphumela omubi kunokufakwa okuhlulekile.

Amaphakethe ayingxenye yokuqala kuphela

Ukufaka isoftwe kuhlukile ekutholeni indawo yokugcina egunyaziwe, iphrofayili, izinto zokuthemba kanye nobufakazi, ngakunye kungaba nokudluliswa kwako okulawulwayo. Isethi yamaphakethe esebenzayo ngaphandle kwephrofayili evumelekile ayixhumani nalutho.

Ngemva kwalokho gcina indlela yokudlulisela ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi iphila ukuze kube neziphathimandla zesikhathi esizayo. Ukuthatha ukuxhumana kokuqala okuphumelelayo njengokuphela kokunakekela kusho ukuthi isiphathimandla sokuphepha esilandelayo silinda kuze kube umuntu onemoto angavakasha, futhi yileyo ndlela inethiwekhi engaxhunyiwe ehlehlela ngokuthula iminyaka.