Yiluphi uhlobo lwe-VPN ye-Windows olwafakwa ngempela iphrofayili yakho?

I-Windows inezinto ezimbili ezahlukene ezombili ezivela ngaphansi kwesihloko se-VPN: amaphrofayili ephrothokholi akhelwe ngaphakathi alethwa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo, kanye nenkundla yezithasiselo zabahlinzeki eziletha ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Isithasiselo akusilo elinye igama lokukhetha i-IKEv2 noma i-SSTP kuphrofayili yemvelo, futhi iphrofayili yemvelo ayikwazi ukumunca izilungiselelo zomhlinzeki ngokushintsha igama lohlobo lwethuneli kuphela. Iningi lokudideka lapha liqala esihlokweni sosekelo esibhalelwe esinye futhi sasetshenziswa kwesinye. Ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi onakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala, futhi kuthatha cishe umzuzu.

Izinto ezimbili ezahlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi uxhumano lwe-VPN

Izinhlobo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi yilezo ezenziwa i-Windows ngokwayo: i-IKEv2, i-SSTP, i-L2TP/IPsec, i-PPTP kanye nokukhetha okuzenzakalelayo okukhetha phakathi kwazo. Isithasiselo somhlinzeki iphakethe elihlukile, ngokuvamile elifakwa isifaki-sistimu somhlinzeki uqobo, esibhalisa ukusetshenziswa enkundleni futhi sivele njengohlobo lwalo loxhumano.

Igama elithi uhlelo lokusebenza alinqumi ukuthi yikuphi okufakiwe. Umhlinzeki angahlinzeka ngesithasiselo, iklayenti ledeskithophu elizimele noma kokubili, futhi aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile.

Landela indlela yezilungiselelo bese ubona ukuthi uxhumano lunikezani. Izilungiselelo, Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi, VPN, bese uvula izici zoxhumano: iphrofayili yemvelo ikhombisa uhlu olwehla lohlobo lwe-VPN namagama akhelwe ngaphakathi, futhi izinketho zayo ezithuthukile zidalula izindlela zokuqinisekisa i-Windows eziyisekelayo. Uma indawo yokuhlela eyodwa kuyisigaxa sengxoxo somhlinzeki uqobo, noma uma uhlobo lungekho kulolo hlu, ubuka isithasiselo noma iklayenti elizimele. Bhala phansi ukuthi yikuphi kwezintathu ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini.

Dlula ezilungiselelweni bese ubona ukuthi yikuphi onakho

Umbono we-PowerShell uyashesha uma uphatha amamishini amaningi. I-Get-VpnConnection ibala ukuxhumana okuphethwe i-Windows ngokwayo, futhi umphumela ngamunye uhlanganisa i-TunnelType. Uxhumano oluphethwe umhlinzeki lungase lungaveli lapho nhlobo, futhi lokho kuyimpendulo ngokwako.

Amaphrofayili emvelo akhiwa ngamapharamitha awo asekelwayo: i-Add-VpnConnection -Name Corp -ServerAddress vpn.example.com -TunnelType IKEv2 -AuthenticationMethod EAP futhi, lapho indlela ikudinga khona, ukuhlelwa kwe-EAP okunikezwa njenge-XML. Leyo yindawo ebhalwa yi-Windows, futhi ayamukeli i-XML yomhlinzeki engahleliwe noma ifayela lokuhlela le-OpenVPN njengephrofayili elinganayo. Ukuzama lokho kuhumusha yikho okwenza abantu baphethe ngokuthi inkundla iphukile kuyilapho iphrofayili yayingakaze ibe yemvelo.

Umhlinzeki unani

Isithasiselo sinemininingwane yokusetshenziswa, futhi yingakho lo mehluko ubalulekile ngale kwegama. Uhlelo lwaso lokusebenza, ukugeleza kokuqinisekisa kanye nesikimu sokuhlela kungokomhlinzeki, futhi imibhalo yomhlinzeki ingumthombo oqondile kuphela wakho.

Lobunikazi bunemiphumela engokoqobo. Isiteshi sokubuyekeza ngesomhlinzeki hhayi se-Windows Update, ngakho inguqulo elungisa inkinga yokuhambisana ifika ngendlela ehlukile. Indlela yokususa nayo ingeyomhlinzeki, futhi ukususa umbhalo woxhumano kuzilungiselelo kungase kushiye uhlelo lokusebenza lomhlinzeki kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwalo okuphethwe endaweni yako. Futhi isikimu sephrofayili ngesomhlinzeki, ngakho isilungiselelo esikhona kuphrofayili yomhlinzeki oyedwa asinanjongo kuphrofayili yomunye, ngisho nalapho ilebula lifana.

Landela umthombo wangempela wokuhlela

Okokusatshalaliswa okuphethwe, sebenzisa imibhalo yomhlinzeki neyenhlangano ndawonye esikhundleni sokushintsha enye ngenye. Hlola izinguqulo ezisekelwayo, isikimu sephrofayili kanye nokuthi ukusatshalaliswa kuqondiswe kumsebenzisi noma kudivayisi.

Lowo mehluko wokugcina ubaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala. Ukusatshalaliswa ngomsebenzisi ngamunye nangomdivayisi ngamunye kunezimo zokuqala ezihlukile nezindlela zokwehluleka ezihlukile, futhi iphakethe elifakwa ngendlela efanele esimweni esisodwa lingase lingabonakali kwesinye. Uma umhlinzeki olindelekile engekho, ukufaka iklayenti elingahlobene nelingagama elifanayo akulethi ukuhambisana, noma ngabe igama lisikisela ini.

Ngemva kokuhlela, hlola ukuqinisekisa bese uhlola lokho iphrofayili ekusebenzise ngempela. Ukuvela kwephrofayili ohlwini lwezilungiselelo akusona isivivinyo sokufinyelela kuhlelo lokusebenza. Qinisekisa umzila okuhamba kuwo ukuxhumana kanye namaseva e-DNS asetshenziswayo, ngoba isithasiselo singafaka imizila yaso kanye nezixazululi zaso, futhi yilezo zingxenye abasebenzisi abaziqaphelayo lapho zingalungile. Bese uvula uhlelo lokusebenza oludingwa ngempela umsebenzisi, ngoba isimo esixhunyiwe nesikhathi sokusebenza kuyizitatimende ezimbili ezahlukene.

Hlola lokho iphrofayili ekusebenzise ngempela

Lapho ukhuphula udaba, faka igama nomhlobo womhlinzeki hhayi ukwakhiwa kwe-Windows nekheli leseva kuphela. Ithikithi elithi i-VPN ayixhumani ku-Windows 11 alitsheli umuntu olandelayo lutho ngokuthi yikuphi kwezintathu izinhlelo eziqhubekayo.

Gcina izibuyekezo nokususa kuxhumene nengxenye engumnikazi, futhi bhala eduze kwegama loxhumano ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye. Imibhalo ye-Microsoft mayelana nezinhlobo zoxhumano lwe-VPN nezithasiselo iyisandiso sohlu olwakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nemodeli yezithasiselo. Uma iziyalo zenhlangano zibiza umhlinzeki, imibhalo yomhlinzeki ilawula iphrofayili. Konke okunye kuwukuqagela mayelana nokuthi yisiphi isici se-Windows osibukayo.