I-VPN ye-Windows: iphrofayela egciniwe ngokumelene nesimo se-interface esebenzayo

I-VPN ye-Windows ivela ezindaweni ezimbili eziphendula imibuzo ehlukene, futhi ukuzihlanganisa kukhiqiza ukuxilongwa okuzethembayo kodwa okungalungile. Iphrofayela egciniwe isho ukuthi umuntu uthini ebekiwe; i-interface esebenzayo isho ukuthi i-stack isetshenzisile ini manje. Lapho uxhumano lusungulwa futhi ithrafikhi isahamba indlela engalungile, kufanele kufundwe kokubili ukubuka, ngalolo hlelo. Akukho okukodwa okusho ukuthi iphakethe lohlelo lokusebenza liphumile emhubheni yini.

Ukubuka okubili komhubhe ofanayo

Ukubuka kwephrofayela ukucushwa: ikheli leseva, uhlobo lomhubhe, indlela yokuqinisekisa, izilungiselelo zomhubhe ohlukanisiwe. Kungase kulunge ngenkathi uxhumano luyishaya indiva, futhi kungase kuphelelwe yisikhathi ngenkathi uxhumano lusebenza ngokuphelele, ngoba iklayenti elixhuma kabusha lingase lingayifundi kabusha into oyihlengile. Ukubuka kwe-interface yisimo esisetshenzisiwe: yimaphi ama-adapter akhona, yimiphi imindeni yamakheli ewathwalayo, izilinganiso zawo nesimo sokuxhuma sawo. Kuyashintsha njengoba imihubhe iza ihamba, okukwenza kube yindawo efanele yombuzo womzila ophilayo kanye nendawo engafanele yombuzo wokucushwa.

Ukuzifunda zombili ndawonye yiyo yonke indlela, futhi ukufunda okukodwa kuphela yiyo indlela abantu abagcina ngayo ngokususa i-adapter ephilile. Imiyalo engezansi inikeza kokubili ukubuka ngaphandle kokushintsha lutho.

Funda kokubili ukubuka ngaphandle kokushintsha lutho

Qala ngamaphrofayela agciniwe, ngoba lokho kuyiqiniso elishibhile kakhulu ukuqinisekisa. Qaphela uhlobo lomhubhe kanye nenani lomhubhe ohlukanisiwe, ngoba kokubili kunquma ukuthi yiziphi izindawo okufanele zingene emhubheni. Uma iphrofayela ingalungile, yilungise ngobuso bayo bokucushwa obusekelwayo, ngoba akukho lutho ohlwini lwama-interface olulungisa iphrofayela ekhomba isango elingalungile.

Get-VpnConnection | Select-Object Name,ServerAddress,TunnelType,SplitTunneling,ConnectionStatus

Ukubuka kwe-interface kunesimo esihlukile: umhubhe owodwa ungathatha imigqa emibili uma uthwala kokubili imindeni yamakheli. Funda inkombandaba njengobunikazi kanye ne-alias njengombhalo okhethwe umuntu, futhi ulindele ukuthi i-alias ishintshe phakathi kwezinguqulo zeklayenti.

Get-NetIPInterface | Select-Object InterfaceIndex,InterfaceAlias,AddressFamily,ConnectionState,InterfaceMetric

Ukuba khona akusona ubufakazi bokusetshenziswa, ngoba i-interface ingaba khona, ixhunywe futhi ingabi yiyo ekhethwa umzila oya endaweni oyifunayo. Khumbula lokho ngaphambi kokuthatha i-adapter ongayazi njengephutha. Lezi zinkinga ezimbili zibukeka zifana ngaphandle: iphrofayela elungile enomzila ongayisebenzisi neze, kanye nephrofayela engalungile enomzila oyisebenzisayo. Zinezilungiso ezihluke ngokuphelele, futhi yingakho ingxenye elandelayo ikhona.

Landela umzila uze ufike endaweni

Buza i-stack ukuthi iyiphi indlela engayithatha yekheli uhlelo lokusebenza oluxhumana nalo ngempela. Lowo ngumbuzo uhlu lwama-interface olungakwazi ukuwuphendula uwodwa.

Find-NetRoute -RemoteIPAddress 10.60.20.10 | Select-Object -First 1
Get-NetIPAddress -InterfaceIndex 37 | Select-Object IPAddress,AddressFamily,PrefixLength

Umyalo wokuqala ubika izinkambu ezimbili okufanele zifundwe: i-alias ye-interface yomthombo okhethiwe kanye nokugxuma okulandelayo kuleyo ndawo. Inkombandaba 37 kumyalo wesibili yilokho okuphrintiwe ukukhishwa kokuqala, hhayi into engaguquki okufanele ikopishwe, futhi ikheli elithi 10.60.20.10 liyisibonelo. Uma umthombo okhethiwe kungowokuxhumana komzimba ngenkathi indawo okufuneka iye kuyo kufanele ibe ngaphakathi komhubhe, utholile inkinga yokukhetha, ngoba i-interface ye-VPN ingaba nempilo ephelele futhi ingathandwa. Isilinganiso siyingxenye nje yaleso sinqumo, ngoba ukucacisa komzila, inqubomgomo kanye nesimo se-interface konke kuyabamba iqhaza.

Qhathanisa izimo ezintathu ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo

Rekhoda uhlu lwama-interface kanye nomzila okhethiwe ngaphambi kokuxhuma, ngenkathi uxhunyiwe nangemva kokunqamuka, ngendawo efanayo kanye nangemiyalo efanayo isikhathi ngasinye. Lokho kuqhathanisa kuhlukanisa i-interface yomhubhe yamanje ne-adapter endala efihliwe eshiywe ukususwa, kanye neklayenti lesibili elisebenza nalo. Kukutshela futhi ukuthi i-interface yomhubhe inyamalala ngokuhlanzekile yini, ngoba i-adapter ehlala ngemva kokunqamuka iyinkinga ehlukile kuleyo engazange ivele. Ngaphandle kwezithombe ezintathu, yonke i-alias ongayazi ibukeka njengomoni.

Gcina okukhiphiwe okuthathu kanye nethikithi, ngoba okukhiphiwe imiyalo emibili kungcono kunendima yencazelo. Uzakwabo angakwazi ukukuqhathanisa ngaphandle kokuphinda isikhathi sakho.

Ungakususi lokho ongakubonanga

Ama-adapter ongawazi ngokuvamile angawento ethile: iklayenti elilawulwayo, iswishi ebonakalayo, inethiwekhi yamabhokisi noma i-ejenti yezokuphepha. Ukususa okukodwa kungasusa ingxenye esebenzayo futhi kushiye uphawu lwangempela kanye endaweni ebelikuyo. Uma umzila uphelelwe yisikhathi, thola umnikazi womzila bese uwulungisa lapho; uma iphrofayela ingalungile, hlela iphrofayela. Imibhalo ye-Get-NetIPInterface ibala izinkambu ezisetshenziswe ngenhla, kufaka phakathi amakholomu esilinganiso nesimo enza ukuqhathanisa kube nokwenza.

Qamba into, thola umnikazi wayo, bese wenza okuthile kulowo mnikazi. Konke okunye ukuqamba kabusha inkinga esikhundleni sokuyifunda.