I-VPN ixhunyiwe kodwa ikheli le-IP alikashintshi: kungani

Umhubhe uyasebenza futhi ukuhlolwa kwekheli kusabonisa i-IP yakho endala. Kala i-IPv4 ne-IPv6 ngokwehlukana, bese uhlola umhubhe ohlukanisiwe, ububanzi besicelo ngasinye kanye nezindlela ze-proxy.

Uyaxhuma, iklayenti lithi ixhunyiwe, futhi ukuhlolwa kwekheli kusabonisa inombolo efanayo onayo ngaphambilini. Akukho okungalungile esibonisini; okuthile phakathi kwephrofayela nohlelo kugcine leso sicelo ngaphandle komhubhe. Nquma ukuthi yikuphi kwezinto ezintathu ozibukayo ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yikuphi ukulungiselelwa: ukuhlolwa okungakaze kukale ikheli lomphakathi, umhubhe ohlanganisa ingxenye yethrafikhi kuphela, noma indlela yesibili enqoba isinqumo somzila. Ngakunye kunokuhlola okukodwa okuthatha ngaphansi kweqembu elilodwa lomzuzu.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwakala ini ngempela

Ikheli eliboniswa kungxoxo ye-Wi-Fi noma ye-Ethernet ikheli lesixhumi esigabeni sakho, hhayi ikheli elibonwa iwebhusayithi, ngakho lingahlala lifana ngenkathi umhubhe usebenza ngokuphelele. Indawo iwushintsho oluhlukile futhi: isifunda se-akhawunti esigciniwe noma ukufundwa kwendawo okuvunyelwe akuhambi uma ushintsha ukuphuma, futhi nokungena osekuvele kukwazi akuhambi.

Sebenzisa umsindo wekheli lomphakathi bese ubuza umndeni ngamunye ngokwehlukana, ngoba umphumela wokuhlolwa kwesigaba esiphindwe kabili ufihla icala elithakazelisayo:

curl -4 -s https://ifconfig.me
curl -6 -s https://ifconfig.me

Gijimisa kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokuxhuma. Uma impendulo ye-IPv4 ishintsha yaba ikheli lokuphuma kanti impendulo ye-IPv6 ayishintshi, awunayo umhubhe ophukile; umndeni owodwa uhamba ngaphandle kwawo. Uma zombili izimpendulo zihlala zifana, isicelo asikaze safinyelela umhubhe futhi okunye lapha kuyasebenza.

Iphrofayela ingase ihlanganise ingxenye yethrafikhi kuphela

Iphrofayela yomhubhe ohlukanisiwe iyimpendulo ejwayelekile, futhi akulona iphutha. OpenVPN ithumela konke ngomhubhe kuphela uma redirect-gateway ikhona kuzinketho ezithunyelwe; ngaphandle kwayo iklayenti lithola imizila eminingi eqondile futhi umzila wakho ozenzakalelayo uhlala kusixhumi somzimba. Kuma-Windows isishintshi esifanayo sibonakala ngokuthi „Sebenzisa isango elizenzakalelayo kunethiwekhi ekude” ezimfanelweni ze-IPv4 zesixhumi, futhi ukuyisusa kuyisinqumo esenziwe ngamabomu esihlala ngemva kokuxhuma kabusha ngakunye.

Ububanzi besicelo ngasinye buyingqimba yesibili. Isilungiselelo se-VPN sesicelo ngasinye ku-Android sinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezifakiwe, ngakho ukhiye we-VPN kubha yezimo akufakazeli ukuthi isiphequluli singaphakathi. Isandiso sesiphequluli esisebenzisa i-proxy yethrafikhi yaso sidalula isithombe esiyisibuko: isiphequluli sibonisa ikheli lokuphuma kuyilapho iklayenti le-imeyili noma umdlalo kumshini ofanayo lisabonisa elakho. Qhathanisa isicelo esifanayo ezinhlelweni ezimbili. Uma esisodwa sishintsha esinye singashintshi, ubuka ububanzi, hhayi umhubhe ohlulekayo.

Umndeni owodwa wamakheli usengaya ngqo

Iningi lamaphrofayela e-VPN abhalelwe i-IPv4, futhi amaningi asenjalo. Kunethiwekhi enezigaba ezimbili umhubhe uthatha i-10.8.0.x ye-IPv4 kuyilapho isixhumi somzimba sigcina ikheli le-IPv6 lomhlaba wonke kanye nomzila ozenzakalelayo, ngakho isayithi elisekela i-IPv6 sifinyelelwa ngqo futhi ikheli eliyilibikayo ngelomhlinzeki wakho. Lokho kuwukuvuza ngenkathi umhubhe we-IPv4 usebenza, futhi akubonakali ekuhlolweni okukhuluma i-IPv4 kuphela.

ip -4 route get 1.1.1.1
ip -6 route get 2606:4700:4700::1111

Funda isixhumi kuyo yonke impendulo. Uma ukusesha kwe-IPv6 kubiza idivayisi yakho ye-Ethernet noma ye-Wi-Fi kuyilapho ukusesha kwe-IPv4 kubiza umhubhe, inqubomgomo yalowo mndeni ayikho, ayiphukile. Ukucisha i-IPv6 kudivayisi yonke kwenza uphawu lunyamalale futhi kufihle isinqumo; kungcono lungisa ukumboza kwephrofayela noma khubaza umndeni kulolo xhumo kuphela, futhi ubhale ukuthi yikuphi kokubili okukhethile.

Indlela yesibili inganqoba ukusesha

I-proxy eqhudelanayo, iklayenti lesibili le-VPN, isixhumi esibonakalayo esivela kusiqukathi noma ithuluzi ledeskithophu ekude, noma umzila owengeziwe wesiqalo esiqondile osihlolayo konke kungathola ukubaluleka. Umzila oqondile uhlala unqoba umzila ozenzakalelayo, ngakho /24 esele yesayithi osikala, ekhomba esangweni lakho le-LAN, iyaqhubeka ithumela leyo thrafikhi ngaphandle komhubhe noma ngabe umhubhe uphilile kangakanani.

Yenza uhlu ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini, ngemiyalo yokufunda kuphela:

route print -4
Get-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix 0.0.0.0/0 | Sort-Object RouteMetric
nmcli connection show --active

Funa imizila ezenzakalelayo engaphezu kweyodwa enesilinganiso esithembekile, kanye nomzila oqondile ohlanganisa indawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Kusiphequluli, futhi hlola ukuthi ingabe isandiso se-proxy noma isilungiselelo se-proxy sesistimu sinaso isixhumanisi; isandiso singasho umfudlana waso ophezulu futhi sishiye ukuphuma kohlelo lokusebenza kungathintwanga, okukhiqiza ikheli elihlukile kusiphequluli kunalelo ku-terminal kumshini ofanayo.

Kala futhi ngesicelo esisha

Xhuma futhi, bese uphinda ukulinganisa kusuka kuhlelo olufanayo owahlola ngalo okokuqala, ngoba ikhasi eligcinwe kunqolobane noma isixhumanisi esisetshenziswe futhi kubika isimo esidala. Qaphela ilogi yeklayenti noma umbono wezigameko ngesikhathi sokuxhuma: iphutha ekusebenziseni imizila ngemva kokuqinisekisa ubufakazi obunamandla kunanoma yisiphi isibonisi, futhi ngokuvamile sibiza umzila noma isixhumi esihlulekile.

Gcina imiphumela emibili ihlukene. Uma ikheli lishintsha kodwa isayithi esisodwa sisala sikwenqaba, umhubhe uyasebenza futhi isayithi senqaba ikheli lesikhungo sedatha; leyo enye inkinga enenye impendulo. Uma ikheli lingakashintshi neze, hamba ngemibuzo emine ngokulandelana: ukuhlolwa kwaphrinta liphi ikheli, kwakuwumuphi umndeni, yiluphi uhlelo olwenza isicelo, futhi leso sicelo sahamba ngawuphi umzila. Idokhumenti ye-Microsoft mayelana nezinqumo zomzila we-VPN ichaza ukuthi iklayenti le-Windows likhetha kanjani phakathi komhubhe nesixhumi somzimba uma kokubili kunomzila.

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