Imikhawulo yoxhumano lwe-VPN: isimo esibukhoma noma umlando ogciniwe
Umkhawulo woxhumano oluthathu udinga isimo samasheya esibukhoma, hhayi umlando wokuphequlula: okumele kugcinwe yisistimu, okungakulahla nokuthi leso simo siya kuphi.
Ukuxhumana okuthathu ngasikhathi sinye yisinqumo sokwamukela, futhi ukuphendula lokho kudinga ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amasheya agcwele manje, hhayi okwenzeka ngenyanga edlule. Isevisi inganqaba iseshini yesine kusuka kuthebula elincane lamarekhodi asebenzayo futhi ingakhi umugqa wesikhathi nhlobo. Lokho kuyisitatimende mayelana nesistimu, hhayi mayelana nomqhubi, futhi umehluko ubalulekile uma ufunda inqubomgomo yobumfihlo. Imodeli engezansi ikhombisa ukuthi isinqumo sidinga ini nokuthi yini engayilahla.
Isistimu: ithebula lamasheya, hhayi ilogi
Ukwenza okulula kakhulu kuxhumanisa ukubhalisela namarekhodi eseshini asebenzayo angafika kwamathathu. Iseshini ngayinye eyamukelwe ithatha isheya elilodwa, futhi isheya likhululwa lapho isevisi inquma ukuthi leyo seshini iphelile. Irekhodi lidinga ubunikazi obucacile ngokwanele ukuze ukukhululwa koxhumano olulodwa kungakhululi isheya lolunye uxhumano; yingakho isihlonzi seseshini sibaluleke ukudlula igama le-akhawunti.
Ukugcwalisa nomlando kuyizakhiwo zedatha ezihlukene. Ukugcwalisa kuphendula umbuzo yebo-noma-cha mayelana namanje, futhi kungalahlwa ngaso leso sikhathi lapho iseshini iphela. Umlando uwukugeleza kwezehlakalo okungezwa kuphela, futhi uhlala khona ngoba othile ukhethe ukuwugcina. Isevisi ingaba nakho okukodwa, kokubili noma lutho.
Umehluko awubonakali ngaphandle. Umkhawulo woxhumano obonakalayo uhambisana nesibali esincane esikhumbatho, ithebula ledatha elabiwe kanye nengqoqo eliphelele lezehlakalo elinedashbhodi. Akukho lutho kumkhawulo olukutshela ukuthi iyiphi yalezi esebenzayo.
| What is stored | Why it exists |
|---|---|
| Active session slots | To admit or refuse the next connection |
| Session event log | To investigate or bill later |
| Monitoring series | To watch capacity and error rates |
| Backup copies | To restore any of the above |
Kungani imodeli ebukhoma isadinga ukuxhumanisa
Uxhumano olulahlekile lungase lungabonakali ngokushesha njengoluphelile. Isango lilinda isikhathi sokuphela, ukwehluleka kwe-keepalive noma ukuma kokubalwa kwezimali, futhi kuze kufike okunye kwalokho isheya lihlala ligcwele. Umsebenzisi oxhuma futhi ngaleso sikhathi ubona ukunqatshwa okungahlobene nolutho nedivayisi yesine.
Iseva eqaliswe kabusha kumele ixhumanise isimo sayo, namasango amaningi asebenzela i-akhawunti efanayo adinga isinqumo esifanayo. Uma kungenjalo i-akhawunti ingadlula isabelo sayo ngokuxhumana nezindawo ezihlukene. Isimo esabiwe noma esingabuyiselwa sixazulula lokho, futhi isimo esabiwe siyimfuneko yokwakheka, hhayi ubufakazi bokuqapha.
Akukho ngxenye yalokho kuxhumanisa edinga umlando wokuphequlula. Isango elidlulisela amaphakethe alidingi ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amasayithi iseshini ewavakashele ukuze ibale amaseshini, futhi le mifudlana emibili yedatha ivamise ukuphathwa izingxenye ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Ukugcina isibali esikhumbatho nakho akwenzi amaqiniso ahlobene abe angaqondakali. Ngesikhathi isevisi isebenza, irekhodi elixhumene nokubhalisela liveza ukuthi i-akhawunti inoxhumano olusebenzayo, futhi kokubili ukufinyelela kuleso simo kanye nesikhathi saso sokuphila kufanele kubuzwe.
Leso simo siya kuphi ngemva kwalokho
Umbuzo wobumfihlo awukona ukuthi ingabe iseva iyakwazi ukubala. Buza ukuthi kwenzekani ngeseshini ephelile: ingabe irekhodi liyasuswa, noma liba umcimbi oseqoqweni lokuqapha? Bese ubuza ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izingxenye ezabona lowo mcimbi, ngoba amalogi okuqinisekisa ubunikazi, amarekhodi okubalwa kwezimali namakhophi agciniwe ngakunye kungagcina ikhophi eyalahlwa indlela yokuqinisekisa.
Ukubalwa kwezimali kwe-RADIUS yisibonelo esicace kakhulu. Ipheya ye-Start ne-Stop ikhona ukuze isekele ukukhokhiswa nokulawulwa kweseshini, futhi idala irekhodi loxhumano kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhona yini oke ayibuze njengomlando. Ngakho-ke isevisi eqinisekisa imikhawulo ngokubalwa kwezimali igcina ngokwakheka okungaphezu kwethebula lamasheya.
Ukususa nakho kunesimo. Irekhodi elisuswe kuthebula elibukhoma lingahlala kukhophi egcinwe ngehora eledlule, futhi isikhathi sokugcinwa kwaleyo khophi siyisitatimende sayo senqubomgomo. Ukufunda isitoreji esiyisisekelo kuphela kunikeza impendulo engaphelele.
Buza umbuzo ngokwezinkambu
Umhlahlandlela wokunciphisa idatha we-RFC 6973 uxhumanisa idatha eqoqiwe futhi egciniwe nenjongo esetshenziswayo. Uma usetshenziswa lapha, umbuzo owusizo ukuthi yiziphi izinkambu umsebenzi wokwamukela ngasikhathi sinye ozidinga ngempela, futhi iyiphi injongo eqinisekisa ukugcina ngayinye ngemva kokuba lowo msebenzi uphelile.
Isitatimende sesevisi esinembile sihlukanisa isimo soxhumano esibukhoma esisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa isabelo kunoma yimaphi amarekhodi agcinwe ngemva kokuphela, futhi sisho ezinye izinhlelo ezingaphakathi kobubanzi besethembiso. Umusho othi kuphela ukuthi uxhumano oluthathu luqinisekiswa awubonisi ukuthi ingqoqo ikhona noma ayikho.
Uma umjikelezo wokuphila ungacacile, kubhale njengombuzo wokugcina ongaphendulwanga hhayi njengesinqumo. Ukuba khona komkhawulo akubona ubufakazi bomlando ocashile, futhi incazelo enengqondo yesimo esibukhoma akubona ukuhlolwa komhlinzeki.