Umthombo we-APT we-VPN: unikeza ini futhi unganciphisa kanjani

Ukulanda iklayenti le-VPN yisinqumo sokuqala; ukufaka isitolo saso se-APT akusona. Okwesibili kwazisa umphathi wamaphakethe ukuthi isofthiwe yesikhathi esizayo ingavela kuphi, futhi lokho ukudluliswa kwegunya okuhlala njalo, hhayi ukulanda. Lokho kungaba ukuhleleka okufanele lapho umdayisi enakekela isitolo ngendlela efanele. Noma kunjalo kufanele isinqumo esinengqondo, futhi iningi lemihlahlandlela yokufaka iyayeqa le nto.

Isiginesha iqinisekisa ingobo yombhalo, hhayi ikhodi yayo

I-APT ihlola imethadatha yesitolo esayiniwe bese ithemba amasheke emethadatha afakwe kuwo kumaphakethe ewathathayo. Lokho kufakazela ukuthi ingobo yombhalo ihambisana nalokho okushicilelwe umnikazi wokhiye, futhi akukho lutho mayelana nekhodi engaphakathi. Iphakethe elisayinwe ngendlela efanele lingaba nemibhalo yomsizi engenziwa evikelekile, futhi leyo mibhalo isebenza njenge-root ngenkathi iphakethe lifakwa. Incwadi ye-apt-secure idweba khona kanye lo mugqa phakathi kokuqinisekiswa kwengobo yombhalo nokubuyekezwa kwesofthiwe.

Ngakho umbuzo owusizo akusiwona ukuthi isiginesha iyasebenza yini, ngoba isiginesha esephukile simisa ukufaka noma kunjalo. Umbuzo ngukuthi uyakhetha ukwethemba isiginesha kabani kusukela manje. Ukhiye wokugcina osetshenzisiwe webiwe mubi kakhulu kunephakethe elibiwe, ngoba umhlaseli uqhubeka nokukhiqiza imethadatha esemthethweni isikhathi eside ngemva kokukhishwa kokuqala okubi. Ukushintshwa kukhiye ukuphela kokulungisa, futhi kuncike ekutheni umdayisi ushicilela ukhiye omusha ngendlela ongayiqinisekisa ngokuzimela.

Yikho ukuthi ubunikazi bokhiye kufanele kunakwe njengoba kunakwa i-URL yesitolo. Ukhiye othathwe ekhelini elisempendulweni yakudala yenkundla awufakazeli lutho ngomshicileli, kuyilapho i-HTTPS ivikela ukuthuthwa kuze kufike lowo ophendule ucingo. Ukuphepha kokuthutha nobunikazi bomeshicileli kuyimibuzo ehlukene, futhi eyokuqala kuphela exazululwa isitifiketi.

Khawulela ukhiye emthonjeni, hhayi ohlelweni

I-APT yesimanje yamukela isethenjwa se-Signed-By esiqondene nomthombo. Ukhiye olawulwa umsebenzi ungaba ngaphansi kwe-/etc/apt/keyrings/, futhi ukufakwa komthombo kubiza ukhiye ovunyelwe ukuqinisekisa leyongobo yombhalo. Lokho kuncane kunokuphonsa ukhiye ofanayo eqoqweni elithembekile lomhlaba wonke, lapho ungase uqinisekise khona imithombo ongakaze ufune ukuyivumela. Landela inguqulo ye-APT efakiwe nemiyalelo yamanje yomdayisi esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa izingcezu zemihlahlandlela yezizukulwane ezihlukene.

curl -fsSL https://repo.example.com/vpn-key.gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/vpn.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/vpn.gpg] https://repo.example.com/debian stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vpn.list

Ungalokothi ulungise ukwehluleka kwesiginesha ngokucisha ukuqinisekisa noma ngokumaka ingobo yombhalo engaziwa njengeyethembekile. Lokho kushintsha iphutha elibonakalayo nelingabonakali, futhi elingabonakali lihlala kuze kube umuntu uhlola uhlu lwemithombo. Uma ukhiye ungahambisani, ukulungisa okulungile ukuthola ukhiye olungile, hhayi ukususa ukuhlola.

Thola imininingwane yesitolo nobunikazi bokhiye kuphrojekthi noma kumlawuli ophethwe. Ukhiye okopishwe embhalweni webhulogi isimangalo mayelana nombhali, hhayi ubufakazi bakho. Uma umdayisi eshicilela indlela yokushintsha, kubhale kanye nokhiye, ngoba yileyo ndlela eyenza ukushintsha okulandelayo kwenzeke.

Ukunamathisela umthombo akulona uhlu lwamaphakethe avunyelwe

Ukukhawulela ukhiye emthonjeni owodwa kukhawulela ukuthi iyiphi ingobo yombhalo engayiqinisekisa, hhayi ukuthi yimaphi amaphakethe lawo mthombo ongawashicilela. Isitolo singathumela okuningi kakhulu kuneklayenti le-VPN obulifuna, futhi ukukhethwa kwabangeneleli nemigomo yokuqala ye-APT kunquma ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo efanele enqobayo. Buyekeza ukuthengiselana okuhlongozwayo ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa, kufaka phakathi uhlu lokuncika, ngoba ukuncika kuvela kuyo leyongobo yombhalo. Ubukhulu bokhiye abukwazi ukusho ’leli phakethe kuphela’.

Uma udinga ukulawula okuqinile, kukuveze njengomgomo ngamagama noma izinguqulo zamaphakethe futhi ugcine lowo mgomo ngaphansi kokuphathwa kokucushwa. Ukufunda ukuthengiselana kuthatha umzuzu owodwa; ukuthola iphakethe elingalindelekile ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuthatha ukubuyekezwa.

Amaphakethe angalindelekile yisikhathi sokuma hhayi sokuqhubeka, futhi umbuzo kumnikazi wengobo yombhalo ngukuthi kungani edingeka. Isitolo esishicilela amaphakethe ayishumi nambili azungeze iklayenti elilodwa sinto evamile kumdayisi ohambisa isethi yedeskithophu. Futhi siyindawo ebanzi kunalokho okwakushiwo umhlahlandlela wokufaka, futhi yileyo ngxenye efanele ukubhalwa phansi. Akukho kuphumela kokubili okuyisizathu sokungathembi isiginesha; kokubili kuyizizathu zokubhala lokho okwamukele.

Bhala igunya nendlela yokulisusa

Bhala umnikazi wengobo yombhalo, inguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza esekelwayo, indlela yokushintsha ukhiye kanye nenqubo yokususa. Lawo maqiniso amane yiwona adingwa umlandeli lapho iklayenti lihoxa noma umdayisi eshintsha ukhiye wakhe. Ngaphandle kwawo umuntu olandelayo uzuzu ifa lomugqa womthombo nefayela lokhiye ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umlando.

Ukususa yisinyathelo esiyeqiwe, ngakho kubhale ngesikhathi sokufaka. Susa ukufakwa komthombo nokhiye waso oqondile kanyekanye, futhi uhlole ukuthi lowo khiye ubalulwa kwenye indawo yini ngaphambi kokususa ifayela. Ukhiye owabiwe osusiwe ngaphandle kwalokho kuhlola uguqula ukuhlanza kube ukuphazamiseka okungahlobene, okuwumphumela omubi kakhulu wokushintsha okujwayelekile. Bese uqinisekisa ukuthi izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile zisaxazululwa lapho ukufakwa sekuhambile.

Into eyodwa isala ngemva kokususwa kwesitolo: noma yiliphi iphakethe eselivele lifakiwe kusuka kulo liyaqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kube okuthile kulithatha indawo. Umbuzo othembekile ngukuthi yiliphi igunya olifakile, nokuthi indima yalo yavezwa emincane kangakanani.