Ehlukanisa ukungena kuphothali ye-Wi-Fi nokungena ku-VPN
Amasistimu amabili ahlukene acela into eyodwa: ukungena. Iphothali ilawula ukufinyelela kwendawo, i-VPN ilawula ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yangasese. Buza kuwona wonke amawindi: ubani ongaqinisekisa ngempela le mfihlo?
Amasistimu amabili ahlukene akucela ukuthi ungene ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele into ewusizo kunethiwekhi yomphakathi: i-Wi-Fi yendawo kanye nesango lakho le-VPN. Zibukeka zifana esikrinini futhi zigunyaza izinto ezihluke ngokuphelele. Iphothali inquma ukuthi le divayisi ingasebenzisa inethiwekhi yendawo; i-VPN inquma ukuthi ungafinyelela inethiwekhi yangasese kwenye indawo. Ngizihlukanisa ngokubuza umbuzo owodwa kuwona wonke amawindi: ubani ongaqinisekisa ngempela le mfihlo? Okulandelayo uhlu lokuhlola engilisebenzisa emahhotela, ezindaweni zezindiza nasezindaweni zemihlangano, kuhlanganise nezindawo engiyeka ukuthayipha kuzo.
Xhumanisa ukungena ngakunye nensizakalo ekuhlolayo
Ukuxhumana kwasehhotela okukodwa kungase kuhlanganise izivivinyo ezine ezihlukene, futhi ezinye kuphela zazo ezicela okokufaka kwakho. Zihlele ngokulandelana kuqala, ngoba isikrini asivamisile ukusho ukuthi isigaba sini.
| Stage | Who checks it | What you give it | What it proves |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wi-Fi association | The access point | WPA2 passphrase or 802.1X credentials | That the device may join this SSID |
| Portal authorization | The venue or its portal provider | Room number, booking name, voucher, email or access code | That a guest may use local access |
| VPN authentication | Your gateway or identity provider | Client certificate, password, one-time code or SSO approval | That the user or device may enter the private network |
| Application login | Each internal service | That service's own account | That you may use that service |
Amanethiwekhi e-802.1X, avamile emahhovisi nasemanyuvesi, afiphalisa imigqa emibili yokuqala. Lapho ukungena ku-Wi-Fi ngokwako kuwukuhlolwa kobunikazi ngokumelene nesiphakeli se-RADIUS, futhi iklayenti lingethula ubunikazi bomzila ngenkathi i-akhawunti yangempela ihamba ngaphakathi kokushintshana okubethelwe. Ngisho nalapho ukuhlolwa kumayelana nokuhlanganyela kunethiwekhi; akugunyazi ithuneli, futhi isango le-VPN alikwamukeli njengobufakazi banoma yini.
Ukulandelana kubaluleke ukudlula izilebula. Amaphothali okubamba akhona ngoba ukufinyelela kunganikezwa ngemuva kokuhlanganyela, ngakho indawo ingadlulisela ikhasi kumhlinzeki okhethekile. I-RFC 8952 ye-IETF ibheka iphothali njengengxenye yalo, ngakho isizinda esingaziwa siyisizathu sokuhlola, hhayi ubufakazi bokukhwabanisa bukodwa. Qhathanisa isizinda nemiyalelo ebhaliwe yendawo, kanye nezinkambu nethebula.
Hlola ukuthi iphothali ingacela ini
Izinkambu zephothali ziphathelene nelungelo, hhayi ubunikazi: inombolo yegumbi, isibongo sokubhuka, ikhodi yevawusha, ikhodi ephrintiwe esikhwameni sokhiye, i-imeyili yepasi lesikhashana, ukwamukelwa kwemibandela. Indawo isivele yazi ukuthi ubani obhuke igumbi, ngakho ingafanisa lezi zinto ngaphandle kokufunda okungayivumela ukuthi isebenze njengawe kwenye indawo.
Noma yini engaphezu kwalolo hlu ifanele ukuma kancane. Ikhasi le-hotspot ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa iphasiwedi yakho yesizinda, futhi nalo alikwazi ukuqinisekisa ikhodi yakho yesikhathi esisodwa ye-VPN, ikhodi yokubuyisela noma ukhiye wangasese, futhi alinasizathu sokuzifuna. Okuwukuphela komhlukumezi osemthethweni inethiwekhi elawulwa yinhlangano: i-SSID yezivakashi yasehhovisi noma i-Wi-Fi yomhlangano ingakuthumela kumhlinzeki wobunikazi osuwusebenzisela umsebenzi. Kusalula: umsingathi wokungena ungowansuku zonke, isikrini semvume sisho umqashi wakho, futhi ukugeleza kuvuleka kuthebhu yesiphequluli ebonakalayo.
I-imeyili yokukhangisa ihlukile: isibizo sokuhamba sigcwalisa inkambu ngaphandle kokunikeza ubunikazi bakho bomsebenzi.
Hlola ukuthi iklayenti le-VPN lifuna izifakazelo zalo
Iklayenti licela ngqo lokho iphrofayela yalo elungiselelwe kona, ngakho iwindi elilindelekile liyisici sephrofayela, hhayi senethiwekhi ovele ukuthi ukulo. Amaphrofayela esitifiketi ngokuvamile akhombisa ukukhethwa kwephrofayela bese exhuma buthule. Amaphrofayela egama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi acela kokubili, ngokuvamile ngekhodi yesikhathi esisodwa. Amaphrofayela e-SSO avula isiphequluli sakho kumhlinzeki wobunikazi futhi abuye nethokheni. I-WireGuard ihlukile futhi: iqinisekisa amadivayisi ngokhiye womphakathi futhi ayinakho ukungena komsebenzisi, ngakho iwindi elinikeza igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ye-WireGuard alichazi i-WireGuard.
Funda iphrofayela ngaphambi kohambo. Ku-OpenVPN, i-auth-user-pass ikutshela ukuthi isicelo sephasiwedi silindelekile, kuyilapho i-cert, i-key noma i-pkcs12 kusho ukuthi isitifiketi kufanele senze umsebenzi. Uma iphrofayela evamise ukuxhuma ngaphandle kwesicelo iza izacela iphasiwedi, sosha iphrofayela ehlulekile ukulayisha isitifiketi sayo noma yawela kwenye indlela. Isicelo akusona isimemo sokuthayipha iphasiwedi yomsebenzi kunoma yiliphi iwindi elivelile.
Alikho iklayenti le-VPN elithembekile elicela inombolo yegumbi, ivawusha yephothali noma umusho wephasiwedi we-Wi-Fi njengokokufaka kokuqinisekisa. Uma lokho kwenzeka, mhlawumbe iklayenti akusiyo lokho elizisholo, noma iphothali yokubamba ibamba ithrafikhi ngaphambi kokuba ithuneli lakheke futhi ufunda ikhasi le-HTML elenzelwe ukubukeka njengokungena.
Ma kulezi zimiso ezinhlanu
Lezi izindawo engima kuzo esikhundleni sokuqhubeka ngendlela ekhohlisayo ebonakala inengqondo. Ngayinye ishibhile ukuyihlola futhi iyabiza ukuyiphutha.
- Isixwayiso sesitifiketi noma se-TLS sibonakala kuphothali noma ekhasini le-SSO. Ungadluli ngokuchofoza ukuze ufinyelele inethiwekhi.
- Ikhasi licela imfihlo engaqinisekiswa kuphela isango le-VPN noma umhlinzeki wobunikazi: iphasiwedi yesizinda, ikhodi yesikhathi esisodwa, ikhodi yokubuyisela, ukhiye wangasese.
- Isizinda asihambisani nemiyalelo ephrintiwe yendawo noma nomsingathi wokungena ohlangene nowo uhlu lwenhlangano yakho lwezinsizakalo zayo.
- Ucelwa ukuthi ufake isitifiketi sengcindezi, iphrofayela yokulungiselela noma uhlelo lokusiza olungaveli ekuphathweni kwamadivayisi akho.
- Kuza imvume ye-MFA ongayiqalanga, noma iklayenti le-VPN licela izifakazelo zehhotela.
Enye indlela akusiyo enye iphasiwedi. Sebenzisa i-hotspot yocingo, buza endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi igama eliqondile lenethiwekhi nendlela yokufinyelela, futhi bika ikhasi kulowo olawula inethiwekhi noma kudeski lakho le-IT. Akukho kulokho okudinga ukuhlola izifakazelo ngokumelene nekhasi ongakwazi ukulinikeza umsuka.
Hlobanisa ukwehluleka nesigaba esifanele
Ngemva kokuba zombili izigaba zidlulile, ukwehluleka kusenzeka, futhi iphutha livamise ukusho isigaba uma ulifunda ngokulandelana: ukuhlanganyela, ukunikezwa ikheli, ukugunyazwa kwephothali, ukusungulwa kwethuneli, bese kuba insiza yangaphakathi. Ukushintsha iphasiwedi ye-VPN ngenxa yokuthi ikhodi yephothali iphelelwe yisikhathi kuchitha isikhathi futhi kushiya inkinga yangempela endaweni yayo.
Izivivinyo ezimbalwa zihlukanisa izigaba. Ngemva kokungena kuphothali, cela ikhasi elijwayelekile le-HTTPS lomphakathi. Uma iphothali ibuya esikhundleni salokho, ukugunyazwa akukaze kuqedwe kulelo gxathu. Uma iklayenti le-VPN libika ukuthi alikwazi ukufinyelela isango, inkinga ingaphansi kwethuneli: iseshini yephothali, ukuxazululwa kwamagama noma inethiwekhi evimba imbobo. Uma ithuneli likhuphuka futhi igama lengingi langaphakathi lihluleka, ukuxazululwa kwamagama noma inqubomgomo engaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yangasese iyisola esingcono.
Amaseshini ephothali nawo aphela ngaphandle kokuncika ethunelini. Uma indawo ihoxisa ukufinyelela, ukuxhumana kwe-VPN okusunguliwe kuwa nakuba izifakazelo zalo zazingakaze zibe nezinkinga. Gunyaza iphothali futhi, bese uxhuma i-VPN futhi futhi uyivumele ixoxisane kabusha. Ukuzungezisa iphasiwedi ye-VPN ngaleso sikhathi akulungisi lutho futhi kungakukhiya ngaphandle.
Nikeza imfihlo ngayinye kuphela kusistimu engayiqinisekisa, futhi thatha isicelo esingahambisani nethebula njengophawu lokuma, hhayi isinyathelo okufanele sikhwezwe. Uma zombili izigaba zidlula futhi ithuneli lisala linqaba, thatha iphutha eliqondile leklayenti ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yiziphi izifakazelo.