OpenVPN: ukuxhawulana kwe-TLS kwehlulekile – usesegatsheni liphi?

Umugqa othi ukuxhawulana kwe-TLS kwehlulekile uwukuphela kwendaba, hhayi ukuqala kwayo. Okubalulekile isehlakalo esandulela lokho ngqo, ngoba leso sehlakalo sisho ukuthi iyiphi kwezinkinga ezine ezahluke kakhulu onayo. Ukuphela kwesikhathi, ukungahambisani komzila wokulawula, ukunqatshwa kwesitifiketi nokwehluleka ngemva kwezingxoxo konke kukhiqiza isihloko esifanayo. Khetha igatsha ngobufakazi, futhi isilungiso ngeke sisaba ukuqagela.

Funda isehlakalo sokugcina ngaphambi kokwehluleka

Skrola phezulu esikhundleni sokufunda umugqa wokugcina. Isehlakalo ngaphambi kokunqanyulwa ngokuvamile sisho isigaba: akukho mpendulo nhlobo, iphutha ngesikhathi kushintshwa amaphakethe okulawula, umphumela wokuqinisekisa, noma izingxoxo eziphumelele ezilandelwa umphumela wokuqinisekisa ubunikazi. Ngakunye kwalokho kungokomunye umnikazi. Lowo mugqa owodwa unquma ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye ngezansi esebenzayo.

Gcina umbhalo wephutha kanye nenguqulo yeklayenti, iphoyinti lokugcina kanye nokuthutha. Gcina izikhiye, amaphasiwedi namaphrofayili angahlelwanga ngaphandle kwayo yonke into oyifaka esidlangalaleni.

Iphutha lokuqala elinembile libaluleke ukwedlula isiqephu eside selogi. Lisho isigaba, futhi isigaba sisho umnikazi.

Igatsha lokuqala: akukho okubuyile

Uma iklayenti lithumele iphakethe lalo lokuqala futhi lingatholanga lutho olusebenzekayo, inkinga isendleleni noma kumlaleli. Qinisekisa ukuthi iphrofayili ihambisana nendlela umqhubi ayinikezayo ngempela: ikheli, imbobo kanye ne-UDP noma i-TCP. Bese uhlola ukuthi iphoyinti lokugcina liyafinyeleleka yini kule nethiwekhi. Bhala ukuthi yikuphi kokuhlola okubili okwehlulekile ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.

Isiphequluli esilayisha ikhasi kulo kanye igama lomsingathi sikhombisa kuphela ukuthi isevisi yewebhu iphendulile. Ngisho ukuxhumana kwe-TCP okwamukelwe akusho lutho mayelana nokuthi OpenVPN kuqedile yini ukuxoxisana.

Uma iphrofayili isebenza kunethiwekhi enye ethembekile, gcina leso sifaniso. Sibeka umkhawulo endleleni noma kumxhumanisi.

Igatsha lesibili: umzila wokulawula awuhambisani

Lapho ukushintshana kuqala bese kuma, izilungiselelo zomzila wokulawula ziyisola sokuqala. I-tls-auth ne-tls-crypt kumele zihambisane nokufakwa, futhi izinto ezivela kwelinye iseva ngeke zenze ukushintshana okuwusizo. Lokhu kwehluleka kwenzeka ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukungena kwe-akhawunti. Iphrofayili ekhotshelwe kuseva endala iwumthombo ojwayelekile.

Ukusetha kabusha iphasiwedi akuzithathi indawo yalezo zilungiselelo, futhi ukuboleka ukhiye komunye umsebenzi akusona isilungiso sokuhambisana. Thola iphrofayili ngomzila oqinisekisiwe womqhubi futhi ubhale inguqulo yeklayenti eyilindelayo.

Bhala iphutha elithile lezingxoxo esikhundleni sokuvula inqwaba yama-algorithm amadala ukuze ubone okuhlala isikhathi eside. Umbhalo wephutha obanjiwe yiwo ovumela umqhubi ukuthi ahlole uhlangothi lwakhe.

Igatsha lesithathu: isitifiketi senqatshiwe

Ukwehluleka kokuqinisekisa okucacile kusho isitifiketi esingasithandiyo. Hlola iwashi ledivayisi kuqala, bese ufunda ukuthi iyiphi into ehlulekile: isitifiketi seseva, isitifiketi sekhayenti, noma umkhiphi ochungechungeni. Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, umkhiphi ongathembekile kanye nobunikazi obungalindelekile kuyimiyalezo emithathu ehlukene.

Gcina ukuqinisekisa kuvuliwe ngenkathi uthola izinto ezilungisiwe. Ukwamukela isitifiketi esingahlobene kususa iphutha ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuthi ufike kuseva obikade uyihlosile.

Bhala ukuthi ukwehluleka kulandela inethiwekhi noma iphrofayili. Iphutha lesitifiketi elivela yonke indawo akulona inkinga yendlela.

Igatsha lesine: izingxoxo zaqedwa futhi enye into yehlulekile

Lapho ukushintshana kobunikazi kuphumelela, ukwehluleka okusele kungokokuqinisekisa ubunikazi noma kokuhambisa umzila. Ukwenqatshwa kwe-akhawunti okucacile kuwumbuzo wokuqinisekisa, futhi ithumbu elixhunyiwe elinezindawo ezingafinyeleleki umbuzo wokuhambisa umzila noma we-DNS. Ukuqhubeka nokushintsha izinketho ze-TLS ngaleso sikhathi kulimaza isigaba ebesivele sisebenza.

Uma ubika inkinga, shono ukuthi iyona yonke inethiwekhi ehlulekayo yini, omunye uphrofayili uyasebenza yini, nokuthi iseva ikubhalile yini ukuzama. Ukuthula ohlangothini lweseva nokwenqatshwa okuvela kulo kume emingceleni ehlukene.