I-NetworkManager ayikwazi ukungenisa iphrofayela yakho ye-OpenVPN? Funda lokhu

Iphutha lamandla okungenisa lingelendawo. Hlola isengezo nomhleli, ngenisa nge-nmcli ukuze uthole umyalezo wangempela, futhi ushiye izitifiketi ezingaphakathi lapho zikhona.

Amaphrofayela axhumanayo kahle kwenye OpenVPN iklayenti angase enqabe ukungeniswa ku-NetworkManager, futhi ingxoxo isola amandla okungenisa esengezo. Lowo musho ukhuluma ngomshini wakho, hhayi ngefayela noma ngeseva. Ukungenisa kuwumsebenzi wasendaweni owenziwa isengezo se-VPN somphathi, futhi ngesikhathi lapho kwehluleka khona akukho lutho oluthunyelwe ndawo. Kubheke njengombuzo wokupakisha kuqala bese kuba umbuzo wokuhlaziya.

Funda umyalezo njengesitatimende sasendaweni

Lo musho uchaza isethi yezici zesengezo. Kuphakathi noma isengezo esinikeza ukusekelwa kwe-OpenVPN asikho, noma ingxenye enikeza isenzo sokungenisa indala kunefomethi oyinikezayo. Zombili lezi zimo zingezasendaweni kumshini ophambi kwakho.

Qaphela lokho umyalezo ongakusho. Awusho ukuthi isitifiketi asilungile, iphasiwedi iphelelwe yisikhathi, noma iseva iphansi, ngakho ukuqala kabusha noma ukushintsha ubunikazi ngeke kukulungise. Wufunde njengesitatimende mayelana nesofthiwe efakiwe.

Lowo mehluko uwonga isikhathi esiningi kakhulu kulo lonke i-athikili, ngoba ukusabela okuvamile ukubheka ngaphandle, egcekeni, ngesikhathi iphutha lisemishinini yedeskithophu yonke.

Isinyathelo 1: qinisekisa isengezo nomhleli

Amaphakethe amabili abalulekile futhi enza imisebenzi ehlukene. Elinye linikeza isengezo se-VPN se-NetworkManager esiphethe ukuxhumana; elinye linikeza isikhombisi sokuhlela nokungenisa sedeskithophu. Ukufaka kuphela imvelo yokusebenza noma umhleli kuphela kukunikeza ingxenye yezici.

nmcli --version
nmcli connection show
rpm -q NetworkManager-openvpn NetworkManager-openvpn-gnome 2>/dev/null

dpkg -l | grep -i network-manager-openvpn

Sebenzisa umyalo wokupakisha okhona ngempela ekusabalaliseni kwakho; imigqa emibili engenhla iyizindlela ezinye, hhayi ukulandelana. Qinisekisa futhi ukuthi ngempela usemgudwini we-NetworkManager, ngoba elinye iklayenti le-OpenVPN elinokungenisa kwalo ngeke liphendule kunoma isiphi salezi zeluleko.

Ukufaka isengezo ngokuvamile kuqala kabusha noma kulayishe kabusha i-NetworkManager, okunqamula ukuxhumana okukhona isikhashana. Kwenze ngamabomu hhayi phakathi nopingo lokusekela.

Isinyathelo 2: ngenisa nge-nmcli futhi uthole umyalezo wangempela

Ingxoxo yezithombe ivame ukucindezela amaphutha amaningi emshweni owodwa. Umngenisi womugqa womyalo uqonde kakhudlwana, futhi uwona lowo msebenzi:

nmcli connection import type openvpn file /path/to/client.ovpn
nmcli connection show --active

Funda impendulo ngokucophelela. Isikhalo ngesengezo esingekho siyinkinga yokupakisha. Isikhalo ngomhlahlandlela othile siyinkinga yomhlaziyi. Isikhalo ngefayela okubhekiselwe kulo siyinkinga yomzila, futhi lezi zintathu azinalutho olufanayo ngaphandle kwegama lokungenisa.

Khumbula ukuthi impumelelo lapha idala iphrofayela egciniwe. Ayixhumanisi, futhi ayifakazeli ukuthi iphrofayela igcine zonke izici zoqobo.

Isinyathelo 3: shiya izitifiketi ezingaphakathi lapho zikhona

Izeluleko ezindala zithi susa wonke amabhulokhi esitifiketi nokhiye angaphakathi ngaphambi kokungenisa. Leso seluleko sesiphelelwe yisikhathi. Umngenisi wamanje uphatha izinto ezingaphakathi, futhi ukuzisusa kususa ubunikazi obudingwa ukuxhumana kanti futhi kudala iphrofayela engeniswayo bese yehluleka ekuqinisekiseni.

Uma ngempela udinga ukuhlukanisa into ngesizathu esithile, gcina ifayela loqobo futhi ubhale ukuthi yiliphi ibhulokhi elaya kuphi. Iphrofayela ehlelwe izikhathi ezintathu ngabantu abathathu ayiyona isethulo ongacabanga ngaso kamuva.

Ukuqapha okufanayo kuyasebenza nakumhlahlandlela womthengisi. Inketho eqondene neklayenti ingaba ngaphandle kwesethi yezici zenguqulo eyodwa yesengezo ngaphandle kokuba umbhalo we-OpenVPN ongavumelekile, futhi ukuyisusa ukuze ingxoxo ivaleke kungashintsha ukuziphatha buthule.

Isinyathelo 4: hlola ukuthi iphrofayela isho ukuthini manje

Ngemva kokungenisa okuphumelelayo, hlola iphoyinti lokugcina, ukuhlelwa kokuqinisekisa, izikhombo zamafayela nendawo okugcinwa kuyo izimfihlo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yini isebenze. Yilezi zine lapho ukungenisa nenhloso kuvame ukuhlukana khona.

Bese uhlola ukuziphatha okubalulekile kuwe ngempela: imizila, i-DNS nokuthi izici zephrofayela yoqobo zisindile yini. Lezi yizindawo ezintathu lapho ukungenisa okuphumelelayo kusengadumaza umuntu okucelile. Ukungenisa okuphumelelayo nokuxhumana okuziphatha kahle kuyimiphumela emibili ehlukene, futhi okwesibili kuphela okubalulekile kumsebenzisi.

Uma iphrofayela engenisiwe iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kuneklayenti loqobo, qhathanisa izethulo ezimbili esikhundleni sokuzakha kabusha ngenkumbulo, ngoba umehluko ngokuvamile uwumugqa owodwa.

Isinyathelo 5: vumela umphathi oyedwa ukuba abe ngumnikazi wethaneli

Uma iphrofayela isihlala ku-NetworkManager, vumela ukuthi ibe ngumnikazi wokuxhumana. Ukuqala inqubo ehlukile ye-OpenVPN njengeqhinga kudala indlela yesibili yokuphatha enokuziphatha kwayo kokuxazulula, ubunikazi bayo kanye nomjikelezo wayo wokuphila.

Amathaneli amabili akholelwa ukuthi wona angumnikazi womzila ozenzakalelayo akhiqiza izimpawu ezibonakala njengomhlinzeki ophukile, futhi isixazululo ukususa elilodwa lawo hhayi ukulungisa noma yiliphi.

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