Kusho ukuthini i-us= emugqeni welogi ye-OpenVPN, nokuthi ingaguqulwa kanjani

Ilogi yombhalo ye-OpenVPN ibeka usuku, isikhathi kanye us= nenani emugqeni ofanayo, futhi eyokugcina kwezintathu iyingxenye abafundi abayiqonda kabi. Iyingxenye yemikhawulo yesikhathi yaleso siginesha, ishicilelwe ngaphandle kokugcwalisa ngoziro. Akuyona i-ID yesikhathi, igama lomsebenzisi noma isibali, futhi ukuyithatha kanjalo kuguqula ingxenye yesekhondi ibe yisiphetho esingalungile esiqinisekile. Yiguqule njengengxenye yesekhondi ekhonjisiwe futhi ingxenye esele yomugqa ihlala ifundeka.

Izinto ezintathu zomugqa zisho ukuthini

Usuku nesekhondi eliphelele kuza kuqala, futhi us= kuthwala okusele ngaphansi kwesekhondi elilodwa. Inani elingu-12345 lingamashumi amabili nambili ayizinkulungwane namakhulu amathathu namashumi amane nanhlanu emikhawulo, okungu-0.012345 wamasekhondi, ngakho umugqa uchaza u-09:15:30.012345 lapho isikhathi esishicilelwe singu-09:15:30. Isibali siqala kabusha njalo ngesekhondi elisha, ngakho umugqa olandelayo ungashicilela ingxenye encane ngaphandle kokuthi noma iyiphi iwashi ihlehle. Isiginesha yesikhathi ephelele kuphela ehlela izehlakalo.

2026-11-02 08:41:07 us=4820

Iyunithi iyingxenye yesigidi yesekhondi, futhi amadijithi ayisithupha us= ahlanganisa lonke ibanga kusukela ku-0.000000 kuya ku-0.999999. Amadijithi amahlanu achaza amashumi emikhawulo yesekhondi, kanti ayisithupha achaza amakhulu emikhawulo yesekhondi aze acishe abe yisekhondi eliphelele. Uma ukuguqulwa kukhiqiza ingxenye enkulu kuneyodwa, iphuzu ledesimali lisusiwe futhi izibalo azilungile. Ukukwenza ngesandla kusho ukuhlukanisa inombolo ephelele eshicilelwe ngesigidi bese uyifaka kwisikhathi esiphelele.

Ukugcwalisa ngoziro yiwona mgibe. us=42 ingamashumi amane nambili emikhawulo, ibhalwe njenge-.000042, hhayi .42. Gcwalisa inombolo ephelele ezindaweni eziyisithupha kwesobunxele ngaphambi kokuguqula, futhi inani alisabe libukeka njengengxenye yedesimali yamadijithi oyibonayo.

Ukuguqula umugqa ngaphandle kwekhalekhula

Thatha isekhondi eshicilelwe njengesisekelo futhi uphathe us= njengengxenye. Ngo-09:15:30 kanye no-us=12345 ifomu ledesimali lingu-09:15:30.012345; ngo-us=900000 lingu-09:15:30.900000. Amadijithi angemuva kwephuzu ledesimali yinombolo ephelele egcwalisiwe, hhayi inombolo ephelele ehlukaniswe ngenkulungwane. Ukubhala kuqala ifomu lamadijithi ayisithupha kuvimbela iningi lamaphutha.

Uma uhlaziya amalogi abe yiziginesha zesikhathi, hlaziya usuku, isekhondi eliphelele nengxenye ndawonye. Umhlaziyi ocabanga ukuthi yimikhawulo yesekhondi uzohlela izehlakalo ngokungalungile ngokuphindwe kwenkulungwane, futhi okukhiphayo kubukeka kukholakala.

Lapho inkambu ingekho kulogi

Ingxenye yemikhawulo iyingxenye yefomethi yelogi yombhalo futhi ivela kuphela lapho iziginesha zesikhathi ezinemininingwane zivuliwe. Ku-fometha yesiginesha yesikhathi ye-OpenVPN 2.6 iyanezelwa lapho okukhiphayo kuvuliwe futhi inani eligciniwe lingelona uziro. Ngakho ilogi engenawo us= ayisho lutho ngawashi noma ngokwakho; ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi izinga lemininingwane elilungisiwe liphansi kakhulu. Hlola ukulungiselelwa ngaphambi kokusola ukuvumelanisa kwesikhathi.

Isilungiselelo siqinisekiswa kalula kusukela ekulungiseleleni kweseva. Gijimisa umyalo ongezansi futhi ufunde inombolo eyibuyisayo. Okukhiphayo kwesiginesha yesikhathi enemininingwane kuvela ezingeni lemininingwane 4, ngakho inani eliphansi lichaza inkambu engekho ngaphandle kwezinye izinkinga. Ukugijimisa ukulungiselelwa okufanayo ne---verb 4 kukhombisa inkambu lapho i-daemon iqala kabusha ngalelo zinga.

grep -nE '^[[:space:]]*verb[[:space:]]+[0-9]' /etc/openvpn/server.conf

Ukwenyusa izinga lemininingwane kwengeza imininingwane kulogi; akulungisi iwashi. Ngemuva kokuqala kabusha, qhathanisa umugqa omusha nomugqa omdala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifomethi ishintshile, bese wehlisa izinga futhi lapho umbuzo usuphenduliwe.

Okungakufakazelwa amadijithi ayisithupha

Amadijithi ayisithupha achaza ukucaca, futhi ukucaca akusho lutho mayelana nokuthi izingqalabane ezimbili ziyavumelana ngesikhathi. Iklayenti neseva kungashicilela kokubili imikhawulo ngenkathi amawashi azo ehluka ngamasekhondi. Uma uhlanganisa izehlakalo phakathi kwemishini, rekhoda isifunda sesikhathi nanoma yikuphi ukushelela okwaziwayo, futhi ukhethe inkambu eqamba umlingani noma isikhathi kunanoma iyiphi isiginesha yesikhathi. Imigqa emibili eyabelana ngengxenye ayidingi ukuthi ibe ukuxhumana okufanayo.

Umqoqi angagcina umugqa ngamunye lapho ufika, okwengeza isiginesha yesibili yesikhathi eyeka umqoqi hhayi i-OpenVPN. Khomba ukuthi yikuphi okufundayo ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa, futhi gcina umugqa ongahluziwe ukuze ukuqhathanisa kwenziwe futhi.

Inani us= elisha alifakazeli ukuthi iklayenti elisha lingene, futhi eliphindwayo alifakazeli isehlakalo esiphindwe kabili. Izinkambu zomlingani nokuxhumana ziphendula leyo mibuzo.