Iphrofayela eyodwa, abanikazi ababili: NetworkManager noma systemd

Akukho okwenzekayo ngefayela le-.ovpn kuze kube yilapho okuthile kuyilawula. Kudeskithophu ye-Pi, abanikazi abangase babe khona yi-NetworkManager, egcina uxhumano olungenisiwe kufayela layo lokhiye, kanye neyunithi yesevisi ezimele efunda ukulungiselelwa kusuka kusikhombisi. Lawa amamodeli amabili okusebenza anokugcinwa okuhlukile, ukuphathwa kobufakazi obuhlukile nemithetho yokwenza kusebenze ehlukile. Ukukhetha okukodwa ngamabomu ngumsebenzi wonke; ukukopisha ifayela kuzo zombili izindawo kwenza ukukhetha kube yinto nje engahleliwe.

Kokubili kungasebenza kumshini owodwa, kodwa hhayi kuthumbu elilodwa ngasikhathi sinye, futhi umbango ubonakala njengephutha lenethiwekhi, hhayi iphutha lokulungiselelwa.

Izindlela ezimbili zokuba ngumnikazi wethumbu elifanayo

Isengezo OpenVPN se-NetworkManager sengeza umhleli kanye nesevisi abaphatha uxhumano esikhundleni sakho, futhi ukufaka uhlelo lwe-OpenVPN akukufaki lokho kuhlanganisa. Iyunithi ezimele iwuhlelo oluphambene: akukho mhleli, akukho kuhlanganisa nedeskithophu, ifayela elilodwa lokulungiselelwa kanye nezimvume ezinikezwa iyunithi. Eyokuqala igcina isimo soxhumano kusizindalwazi sayo, eyesibili isigcina lapho iphrofayela neyunithi kusho khona. Ukudideka okuningi kuvela esicabangelweni sokuthi iphrofayela engenisiwe nefayela elikopishiwe kuyinto eyodwa.

Akuzona izimo ezimbili zokubuka into eyodwa. Ukuhlela ifayela elilandiwe akushintshi lokho i-NetworkManager ekugcinile noma lokho iyunithi ekufundayo, futhi noma yikuphi kwazo kungaba yikho okwakhe ithumbu osanda kulihlola.

Landela uxhumano olusetshenziswa ngempela ideskithophu

Umsebenzi wokungenisa obhalisiwe, nmcli connection import type openvpn file office.ovpn, wakha uxhumano ngesengezo. Bhala i-UUID yalo bese usebenzisa leso sikhombi ngemuva kwalokho, ngoba amagama ayahlelwa futhi ukuxhumana okubili kungaba nelebula elilodwa. nmcli connection show kubala okukhona, futhi ukufunda izakhiwo zoxhumano ngokwalo kukutshela ukuthi lwavela kufayela eliphi nokuthi lugcina ini. Uma i-UUID oyihlelile kuyinto engeyona leyo edeskithophu eyenza isebenze, izinguquko zakho ziwumhlobiso nje.

Izimfihlo zihlala esigcinweni somnikazi. Ukuthulula yonke imfihlo egciniwe ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi iphrofayela esebenzayo kuyashesha futhi kuyingozi; buza into yoxhumano esikhundleni salokho, futhi gcina impahla eyimfihlo lapho umnikazi ayilindele khona.

Uxhumano olungenisiwe alunasidingo sesikhathi sesithombe ukuze lusebenze, kodwa lungase lusadinga umthombo wobufakazi. Ukuthi luzoqala ngaphandle kokuqondisa kuncike ezimvume nasezimfihlweni zalo, hhayi ebukhoneni bedeskithophu.

Funda ithempulethi yeyunithi ngaphambi kokuthembela kuyo

Lapho iphakethe linikeza iyunithi yeklayenti ngesitayela se-upstream, isibonelo esibizwa ngokuthi i-office sihambisana %i.conf nefayela kusikhombisi esilungiselelwe seyunithi, okuthi kuthempulethi engu-2.6 kube /etc/openvpn/client. Funda iyunithi efakiwe nanoma yiliphi ifayela elengeziwe ngaphambi kokukholwa isibonelo esivela kumhlahlandlela, ngoba izabelo zihambisa izindlela. Ukuqalisa ngesandla kusuka kutheminali akufakazeli lutho ngombono wesevisi ngamafayela, izimfihlo noma izimvume. Ingxoxo yephasiwedi yedeskithophu nayo ayibona ubufakazi bokuthi iyunithi engasebenzisani inendlela evunyiwe yokuthola iphasiwedi efanayo.

Nikeza iyunithi kuphela lokho ekudingayo. Ukukhulula sonke isikhwama sesihlabathi sesevisi ngoba ifayela elilodwa elibonisiwe alifundeki kushintsha ukulungiswa okuncane kwemvume ngokuchayeka okukhulu, futhi iphutha ngokuvamile libiza ifayela elidinga ukunakwa.

Susa okuphindwe kabili ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukufinyelela

Uma bobabili abanikazi bengaqalisa ithumbu, omunye ekugcineni unqoba ngesikhathi esingalungile futhi imizila nedivayisi yohluliwe zisala ngemuva. Susa okuphindwe kabili okungahlosiwe ngomnini kwayo, gcina indlela yokululama ivulekile, futhi qinisekisa ukuthi umnikazi osele usaxhuma ngemuva kokuqalisa kabusha. Ama-VPN amabili ahlukaniswe ngamabomu anezinqubomgomo zomzila ezihlukile awumbuzo omunye wokuklama, hhayi imvume yokuthi izindlela ezimbili zokuqalisa zincintisane ngoxhumano olulodwa.

Bese ubhala umjikelezo wokuphila owamukele: ukusebenza ngesandla, ukungena, noma ukuqalisa nokuxhuma kabusha. Hlola isiphetho esigciniwe, ubuqiniso bohlangothi olunye kanye nesisetshenziswa okufanele ithumbu lifinyelele kuso, ngoba ukufaka kabusha ideskithophu akuthathi indawo yokwazi ukuthi yikuphi ukulungiselelwa okwagijima.