Izilungiselelo azingenisi i-.ovpn eye-CLI iyayamukela
Iphrofayela exhumanisa isuka kutheminali ingase yehluleke ekungenisweni kwedeskithophu. Hlola i-plugin, imiyalelo eyilahayo kanye nalokho okugcinwe ngempela.
Ifayela elifanayo lixhumanisa lisuka ku-shell kodwa lenqaba ukungeniswa kupaneli yedeskithophu. Lokho kukhipha iseva, ubufakazi kanye nesintaksi yephrofayela, ngoba iklayenti yomugqa womyalo isivele ihlaziye kathathu. Okusele yindlela yedeskithophu uqobo: amaphakethe ewadingayo, isethi engaphansi yemiyalelo eyiqondayo kanye nento eyibhalayo kudiski. Ngayinye yazo yehluleka ngendlela ehlukile, futhi imilayezo ayivamisile ukukhomba eyiyo.
Izinto ezintathu idayalogi ezidingayo ngaphambi kokuhlaziya noma yini
Ukungenisa kusebenza ngezimvume zomsebenzisi wakho, ngakho ifayela elikudayirekhithari efinyeleleka kuphela ku-root lenqatshwa ngaphambi kokuba okuqukethwe kwayo kube nokubaluleka. Ipaneli iphinde ibhale izinhlobo ze-VPN kuphela ezine-plugin ye-NetworkManager efakiwe; ngaphandle kwe-plugin ye-OpenVPN, inketho ayikho esikhundleni sokuthi yephukile. Ekugcineni, idivayisi yenethiwekhi kufanele ilawulwe: i-interface emakwe njengengalawulwa ingamukela ukuxhumana okugciniwe okungasoze kwasebenza. Hlola zontathu ngaphambi kokuhlela iphrofayela.
Imiyalo emibili ixazulula umjikelezo wokuqala: dpkg -l network-manager-openvpn-gnome ye-plugin kanye ne-nmcli device status yesimo sedivayisi.
Lokho umngenisi akulahla buthule
Ukuhunyushwa kwedeskithophu kuqondise esethini eqondile yezakhiwo. Imigqa engaphandle kwaleyo sethi ilahlwa buthule, yingakho ithumbu lingaphuma linezingxenye zokucushwa okuhlosiwe ezingekho. Imibhalo emenyezelwe nge-up, i-down kanye ne-script-security ivamise ukunyamalala, kanye nezinketho ze-interface yokuphatha kanye namabhulokhi akude angeziwe. Umzila obhalwe ngegama elisemqoka vpn_gateway uyisihlobo esihlukile: umngenisi ufuna i-gateway ye-IPv4 engokoqobo lapho futhi uyeka ngephutha esikhundleni sokulahla umugqa.
Umzila olahliwe unesimo esibonakalayo. Ukuxhumana kuyasebenza, i-interface ithola ikheli, futhi inethiwekhi engaphansi ethile ayifinyeleleki ngoba umzila awuzange ungene kuphrofayela.
Funda ukuxhumana okugciniwe, hhayi ifayela lomthombo
Umphumela ogunyaziwe wokungenisa ifayela lokhiye, hhayi i-.ovpn oyikhethile. I-sudo cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/office.nmconnection ikhombisa lokho ipaneli ekugcine ngempela. Uma kunomzila lapho kodwa awukho kuthebula eliphilayo, ukungenisa kuphumelele futhi inkinga ukwenziwa. Uma ungekho efayeleni, umngenisi uwulahla futhi noma ngabe ungaxhumanisa kangaki ngeke ubuye.
Izindlela ezimbili ezihlukile zigwema ungqimba lokuhumusha. I-nmcli connection import type openvpn file ./office.ovpn ibhala into efanayo futhi ibika amaphutha ipaneli ewafihayo.
Umhleli omdala, oqalwa nge-nm-connection-editor, uveza izinkambu zomzila ipaneli engazona. Kumaphrofayela ancike kumibhalo noma emiyalelweni engasekelwe, gcina iklayenti yomugqa womyalo futhi uyiqaphe ngensiza esikhundleni salokho, ngemva kokukhubaza ukuxhumana kwedeskithophu ukuze ingxenye eyodwa kuphela ibe ngumnikazi wethumbu.
Lapho ukungenisa kusebenza kodwa ukwenziwa kungasebenzi
Ithebhu ethuthukisiwe igcina ukuthutha okungenisiwe noma okukhethwe okokugcina. Iseva elalela ku-UDP yehluleka ngokushesha uma kukhethwa i-TCP, futhi umlayezo awuvamisile ukusho lokho. Ukuxhumana okufanele kuqale ngaphandle komsebenzisi ongenile kudinga imfihlo yako igcinwe kubo bonke abasebenzisi, okuyisilungiselelo esihlukile ekugcineni kwaso kulesi seshini kuphela.
Uma kungekho lutho olusizayo kudayalogi, i-journalctl -u NetworkManager -b ikhombisa ukuthi kungani ukwenziwa kwehlulekile. Iklayenti ye-shell ayilokothi ithinte leyo ndlela, yingakho iqhubeka nokusebenza ngenkathi ikhophi yedeskithophu ingasebenzi.
Njengokuhlola kokugcina, qhathanisa inguqulo ye-plugin nokukhishwa kokusabalalisa. I-plugin engahambisani ingafakwa ngokuhlanzekile futhi isenqabe ukwenza iphrofayela i-nmcli eyingenisa ngaphandle kwesikhalo.