Ingabe isengezo se-VPN ku-Mac yakho sivuliwe? Izindawo ezintathu okufanele uzibheke
Ukuvuliwe, ukufakiwe nokuxhunyiwe kuyizimo ezihlukene ku-macOS. Qhathanisa uhlu lwezingezo, ukuphuma kwe-CLI kanye nesimo seklayenti ngokwalo ngaphambi kokufaka kabusha.
Ibha yemenyu ibika ukuthi kuxhunyiwe kuyilapho uhlu lwezingezo lusamaka ingxenye njengengavuliwe. Kokubili ukufundwa kuvela ku-Mac eyodwa, futhi akukho nokukodwa okukhuluma amanga: kuchaza amaqiniso ahlukene. I-macOS igcina okungenani izimo ezintathu ezihlukene zeklayenti le-VPN, futhi imicu yosizo iyihlanganisa ibe umusho owodwa, yingakho iseluleko sihamba phambili naphambili phakathi kokufaka kabusha nokuhlela kabusha. Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi imo oyigejayo ngempela kuguqula intambama yokuqagela ibe ukuhlolwa kwemizuzu emibili.
Lezi zimo zinabanikazi abahlukene ngaphandle kwezindawo ezahlukene. Enye ingeyebhodi yokubhalisa yezingezo yesistimu yokusebenza, enye ingeyomgomo okuthobela wona idivayisi, kanti enye ingeyoseshini yeklayenti ngokwalo. Njengoba abanikazi behlukene, ukulungiswa okusetshenziswe kokunye kuzo akuvamisile ukushintsha ezinye ezimbili.
Izimo ezintathu ezibizwa ngegama elilodwa
| State | Where it lives | What it does not prove |
|---|---|---|
| installed and activated | the system extension registry | that any tunnel exists |
| permitted by policy | a configuration profile or a one-time user approval | that the vendor's profile is configured |
| connected | the client's own session state | that traffic takes the intended route |
Ukulandelana okuzifunda ngakho kubaluleke kakhulu kunohlu ngokwalo: qala ngokubhalisa, ngoba ingxenye engakaze ivulwe ayikwazi ukuxhumana, bese ufunda umgomo, othatha isinqumo sokuthi ukuvulwa kungenzeka yini, ekugcineni ufunde iklayenti, okuwukuphela kwakho kokuthathu okuchaza iseshini. Ukungafani okuphezulu kulolo kulandelana kuchaza zonke izimpawu ezingezansi kwako, futhi ukungafani okuphansi kushiya ezimbili ezingaphezulu zingathintekile.
Isibonelo esibonakalayo somehluko: umbhalo wokubhalisa ofundwa njengovuliwe kanye neklayenti elingakwazi ukuxhumana kukhombisa iphrofayela noma iseva, hhayi isengezo. Inhlanganisela ephambene, iklayenti elivuliwe eduze kombhalo wokubhalisa ongabonisi lutho, ngokuvamile isho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza olubukayo akulona oluthwala ithrafikhi. Bhala phansi ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa okwabonayo ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini.
Ukuthola isengezo ngaphandle kokwethemba isithonjana
Izinguqulo zamanje zibala izingezo zenethiwekhi ngaphansi Kwezilungiselelo Zesistimu, Okujwayelekile, Izinto Zokungena Nezingezo. Thola umbhalo oqanjwe ngomkhiqizo noma umshicileli wawo bese ufunda iswishi eseduze kwawo esikhundleni sophawu olusebha yemenyu. Amalebula nezindawo zishintshile phakathi kwezinguqulo ze-macOS, ngakho landela imiyalelo yomhlinzeki yenguqulo yakho esikhundleni sesithombe sesikrini esivela esihlokweni esidala. Umbhalo ongaphelele nhlobo usho ukuthi ingxenye ayikaze ifakwe, futhi ukuhlela iphrofayela ngeke kuyiveze.
systemextensionsctl list
log show --last 10m --predicate 'subsystem == "com.apple.networkextension"' --style compactUmyalo wokuqala uyindlela eshesha kakhulu yokubona ukuthi yini efakiwe nokuthi ingabe isengezo ngasinye sizibika njengesivuliwe. Owesibili ukhombisa ukuthi kungani ukuvulwa kunqatshwa, ngoba ukunqatshwa kuvamise ukuza njengesikhalazo somgomo noma sesiginesha esingafinyeleli isixhumanisi somsebenzisi. Funda umbhalo wokunqatshwa ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini: umugqa welogi ubiza ingxenye futhi ngokuvamile isizathu, okukuyilokho ngqo okudingwa yicala losizo. Kopisha umugqa wonke esikhundleni somusho ocabanga ukuthi ubalulekile, ngoba inguqulo nesikhombi zisezinhlangothini eziphambene zawo.
Okwamukelwa yiklayenti kungamukelwa luhlu
Uma isengezo sesiqinisekisiwe, buza iklayenti ukuthi ingabe inayo iphrofayela nesesheni, ngoba iphrofayela egciniwe ngaphandle kokuxhumana iyinkinga yokuhlela, kuyilapho ukuxhumana okungathwali thrafikhi kuyinkinga yomzila noma yomgomo. Ukuthatha zontathu njengokukodwa kukubuyisela ekufakeni kabusha ingxenye ebesisebenza sonke isikhathi.
scutil --nc list
scutil --nc status "Work VPN"Uhlu lukhombisa izinsiza ezilungiselelwe kanye nesimo sazo sokuxhumana; ukushaywa kwesimo kukhombisa isimo sensiza eyodwa eqanjiwe kanye nephutha layo lokugcina. Rekhoda lowo mbhalo kanye nenguqulo ye-macOS ngaphambi kokufaka kabusha, ngoba ukufaka kabusha kubhubhisa ubufakazi futhi ngokuvamile kuphinda ukwehluleka okufanayo.
Lapho umgomo ungumnikazi weswishi
Ku-Mac ephethwe iphrofayela yokuhlela ingagcina isengezo sisesimweni esinqunyiwe, bese iswishi iba mpunga ngokomklamo. Isilungiselelo esingatholakali siyisitatimende somgomo hhayi iphutha okufanele kugwenywe. Ukususa iphrofayela noma ukubhaliswa kokuphatha ukuze ufinyelele kuso kushintsha isimo sokuphepha sedivayisi, kubuyiselwa ekuhlolweni okulandelayo, futhi kushiya umshini ozibika njengothobelayo kuyilapho izilawuli ezawenza wathobela zingekho. Lowo mphumela mubi kuneinkinga yokuqala, ngoba ufihla imbangela kanye nophawu.
Yisa isicelo kumlawuli nesikhombi sesengezo, umbhalo wokunqatshwa oqondile kanye nenguqulo. Ukusatshalaliswa okuphathwayo ngokuvamile kungagunyaza isengezo senethiwekhi endaweni eyodwa phakathi nemizuzu embalwa, okushesha kunendlela yokugwema futhi kungacwaningwa kamuva.
Ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kuhlelo lokusebenza lwangempela
Ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa okusekelwayo, xhuma kabusha futhi uhlole uhlelo lokusebenza i-VPN ekhona ngenxa yalo esikhundleni sophawu lwebha yemenyu. Bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ithrafikhi okufanele ihlale ngaphandle komhubhe isahlala ngaphandle, ngoba ukulungiswa okuhambisa konke buthule kuwushintsho oluhlukile kulokho obukuhlosile. Ukuhlolwa kwemizuzu emibili kuhlelo lokusebenza lwangempela kubaluleke ngaphezu kophawu ongakwazi ukuluphinda.
Isixwayiso esisodwa ngenkathi usohleni lolo: isihlungi sokuqukethwe naso siyisengezo senethiwekhi. Uma isayithi eyodwa yehluleka, ukucisha zonke izingezo kuphaneli kuyisinyathelo esiqinile esephula ukuhlunga okungahlobene kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi kwenza ukuxilongwa okulandelayo kube nzima ngokususa izingxenye obungaziqhathanisa. Khombisa isengezo ngomshicileli nangendima ngaphambi kokusithinta, futhi bhala phansi ukuthi yikuphi kwezimo ezintathu obekungelona ngempela.