Isiphakamiso somqondisi we-VPN ku-Mac: ukufaka, isandiso noma umgomo?

Izicelo zephasiwedi ezivela kuklayenti ye-VPN zibukeka zifana kodwa azifani. Izenzo ezine ezihlukene zicashile ngemva kwebhokisi elilinganayo: ukubhala amafayela endaweni evikelwe ngesikhathi sokufaka, ukwengeza noma ukushintsha ukuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi, ukwenza kusebenze isandiso sesistimu esithwala ithrafikhi, nokuhambisana nomgomo osele umiswe iseva yokuphatha. Ngayinye inomnini ohlukile, ububanzi bomthelela obuhlukile kanye nendlela ehlukile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi yasebenza. Ukufanisa umyalezo owubonayo nowodwa kwalaba abane yiwona msebenzi wonke.

Izimvume ezintathu ezihlukene zibukeka zifana

Ukuvunyelwa kwesifaki yisimo esilula kunazo zonke: iphakethe libhalela kumadirekhodi umsebenzisi ojwayelekile angeke akwazi ukuwashintsha, futhi i-macOS icela imininingwane yokuphatha ukuze ikuvumele. Isistimu ayinceli ngokuthi ingabe isofthiwe iphephile; icela ngokuthi ingabe uvunyelwe ukubhala lapho. Yingakho iphakethe lingafaka ngokuhlanzekile kodwa lingabi namsebenzi: ukuvunywa kokufaka akusho lutho ngokuthi ikhodi izovunyelwa yini ukusebenza ngemuva kwalokho. Ngemuva kokufakwa, uhlelo lokusebenza lusadinga ukuvunywa kwesibili ngaphambi kokuba lube nomthelela kunethiwekhi.

Ukuvunyelwa kokuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi kuhlanganisa izinguquko ohlwini lokuxhumana lwesistimu. Ukwengeza isevisi ye-VPN, noma ukushintsha izilungiselelo ezihlelwe umqondisi wenethiwekhi, kudinga ukuphakanyiswa ngoba lezincazelo zithinta wonke ama-akhawunti emshinini. Lokhu kuvunywa kunikeza igunya lokuhlela, hhayi igunya lethrafikhi.

Ukuvunyelwa kwesandiso yikho okubalulekile endleleni amaphakethe ahamba ngayo. Iklayenti lesimanjemanje lifaka isandiso sesistimu i-macOS esilayisha kusistimu, futhi i-macOS idinga isinqumo esicacile ku-Privacy no-Security noma ku-Login Items no-Extensions ngaphambi kokusisebenzisa. Isimo sesine i-Mac ephethwe, lapho umgomo usele wavuma isandiso ngaphambili futhi umsebenzisi akaboni bhokisi nhlobo.

Ukuvunywa ngakunye kushintsha ini ngempela

Isifaki sishintsha amafayela kudiski, futhi imiphumela yaso iphela lapho amafayela esuswa, ngaphandle kwezinsalela. Ukuhlelwa kwenethiwekhi kwengeza incazelo yesevisi evela ohlwini lokuxhumana futhi engase iphinde isebenze ngezimithetho zokucela. Ukuvunyelwa kwesandiso kushintsha ikhodi isistimu ezoyilayisha futhi eqhubeke nokuyisebenzisa, yingakho ihlala ikhona ngisho ngemuva kokukhipha uhlelo olubonakalayo kwezinye izinqubo. Ukukhipha iphakethe lohlelo akusona isikhathi sonke ukukhipha isandiso salo, futhi isandiso esisele sigcina amalungelo aso enethiwekhi.

Umehluko ubikezela uphawu. Ukufakwa kodwa kungaxhumsi nanini ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi isandiso asivunywe ndawo; ukuxhumana kodwa izilungiselelo zibuyela emuva kushintsho olulandelayo ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi incazelo iphethwe umgomo wokuphatha.

Isiginesha nomshicileli banquma impendulo

Ngaphambi kokuvuma, funda ukuthi ngubani ogcine into leyo kunalokho okusikisela isithonjana ebhokisini. Ukuhlola okubili kwasendaweni kwanele ukubona isiphathimandla sokugcina nokuthi ukuhlolwa kwesistimu kuyaphumelela kulo mshini.

codesign -dv --verbose=2 /Applications/ExampleVPN.app
spctl -a -vv /Applications/ExampleVPN.app

Iphakethe elingagcinwanga noma elingaqinisekiswanga akuyona ngokuzenzakalela into embi, kodwa lifanelwa isinqumo esihlukile kunesigciniwe esivela kumshicileli obuwuhlosile. Iphakethe elifike ngomlayezo kunokuba livela kusayithi yomshicileli ngokwakhe yisimo lapho impendulo imane ingu-cha.

Qhathanisa isihlonzi seqembu nobunikazi obushicilelwe bomshicileli kunokuthemba igama elibonakalayo lohlelo, ngoba amagama alula ukuphinda asetshenziswe, izihlonzi azinjalo. Uma umshicileli eshicilela isihlonzi encwadini yakhe yokufaka, lelo khasi liyisithenjwa sokuqhathanisa futhi liyindawo okufanele kubikwe kuyo ukungafani. Iklayenti elivela kumthengisi ophinde, ukwakhiwa okupakishwe kabusha noma ikhophi ephathwayo evela enkundleni ifanelwe ukusolwa ngaphezu kokulandwa okugciniwe komshicileli ofanayo.

Lapho umgomo uphethe isinqumo

Ku-Mac yenkampani umqondisi kungenzeka asele enqume. Iphrofayela yokuphatha ingaletha incazelo ye-VPN, ivume isandiso ngaphambili futhi ikhiye ukuxhumana ukuze kungakwazeki ukukususa. Kulolo hlelo, isicelo sokufaka iphasiwedi ngokuvamile siyisicelo sokweqa isinqumo ebesingeyona eyakho.

Ukwenyusa ukuphepha kokuqala noma ukuhlakaza ukuphatha ukuze kuphoqelelwe ukufaka kushintsha unomphela imodeli yezinsongo yomshini ukuxazulula inkinga yesikhashana. Lokho kushintshana akuvamisile ukwenziwa ngokuqwashile; ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngesikhathi kulandelwa okuthunyelwe enkundleni. Esikhundleni salokho, cela umqondisi indlela esekelwayo, engase ibe lula njengokuthumela kabusha iphrofayela noma ukuvuma isandiso ohlangothini lweseva. Uma umqondisi engakwazi ukusivuma, leyo mpendulo iwumphumela, hhayi isithiyo okufanele sizungezwe.

Qinisekisa isimo ngemuva kokuvuma

Uma ukuvunywa okugunyaziwe sekunikeziwe, qinisekisa lokho isistimu esikucabangayo kunalokho okushiwo yiklayenti. Uhlu lwezandiso lubika isimo sokusebenza ngaphandle kwethuluzi langaphandle.

systemextensionsctl list

Umufakiselo oboniswa njengosebenzayo ungowesihlonzi seqembu osihlole ngaphambili; umufakiselo oboniswa njengomisiwe olinde ukuvunywa komsebenzisi uchaza iklayenti eliqala kodwa elingasoze lithwale ithrafikhi. Uma isicelo sibuya ngemuva kwawo wonke umzamo, thatha umyalezo oqondile kanye nenguqulo yeklayenti, ngoba ukuvunywa okuphindaphindayo ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi isandiso sishintshwa ngaphandle kokuthi esedlule senziwe kungasebenzi, futhi lokho kuyicala lokusekelwa, hhayi inkinga yephasiwedi. Bhala inguqulo ngaphambi kokushayela usekelo, ngoba isilungiso singase sibe sikhona kakade ekwakhiweni okusha futhi ingxoxo izoqala lapho.