Ama-ICMP Redirect nama-Route akho e-VPN: Yini Eyishintshayo Ngempela

Ukugeleza okufanele kunqamule itheneli kukhetha i-hop elandelayo ehlukile, futhi othile uthola i-ICMP redirect ekubanjweni. Lokho kuwumqageli, hhayi ukutholwa kwesifo. I-redirect iyisiphakamiso se-router mayelana ne-hop elandelayo engcono, futhi ukuthi i-host iyasebenza yini kuncike kuzilungiselelo ezihluka nge-platform, nge-interface nangomndeni wekheli.

I-redirect iyisiphakamiso esivela ku-router

Ama-ICMP redirect e-IPv4 anohlobo lwayo lomlayezo kanye neqoqo elincane lemibandela: i-router idlulisela iphakethe ngaphandle nge-interface ebingene ngayo, futhi iyazi i-hop elandelayo kulolo xhumano oluseduze nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Bese itshela umthumeli ukuthi asebenzise leyo hop ngqo. Umlayezo usho i-gateway entsha futhi ufaka ingxenye yephakethe lokuqala ukuze umthumeli akwazi ukulihlanganisa nokugeleza. Umlayezo wokuziphatha kahle mayelana ne-topology yasendaweni, futhi ucabanga ukuthi umthumeli wabelana ngoxhumano ne-gateway ephakanyisiwe.

Umthumeli ukhululekile ukuyishaya indiva. Iphrothokholi ayidingi ukuthi i-host iguqule ithebula layo, futhi i-redirect ebanjiwe ifakaza kuphela ukuthi i-router yayithumile.

Yilapho iningi lophenyo lwe-redirect liphambuka khona.

I-IPv4 ne-IPv6 ziyiletha ngendlela ehlukile

I-IPv6 inomshini ofanayo ngaphakathi kokutholwa komakhelwane hhayi ku-ICMPv4, ngamafomethi omlayezo kanye nemithetho yokuqinisekisa ehlukile. Imiqondo iyahambisana, amaphakethe awahambisani. Isihlungi sokubamba esibhalelwe uhlobo lwe-ICMP 5 ngeke sikhombise lutho kunethiwekhi ye-IPv6, futhi lokho kwesinye isikhathi kufundwa njengobufakazi bokuthi awukho u-redirect owenzekile.

Izilungiselelo zenqubomgomo nazo zihlukile, ngakho i-host ingamukela ama-redirect e-IPv4 futhi ishaye indiva e-IPv6, noma okuphambene.

Hlola yomibili imindeni uma ukugeleza okukhulunywa ngakho kungasebenzisa noma yimuphi.

Ukwamukela kuyinqubomgomo ye-host, hhayi iqiniso lenethiwekhi

Ku-Linux, ukwamukela ama-redirect kulawulwa nge-interface ngayinye nangokuphelele, futhi amanani okuzenzakalelayo ahluka phakathi kwendima ye-host neye-router. I-interface yetheneli eyamukela ama-redirect iwumklamo omangazayo, ngoba ngaphakathi kwetheneli yephuzu-kuya-phuzu akukho hop elandelayo ehlukile enengqondo kulolo xhumano olulodwa. Ngakho lesi silungiselelo kufanele sifundwe esikhundleni sokucatshangwa.

Izilungiselelo zama-redirect aphephile zibuye zikhawulele ukuthi yimaphi ama-gateway angathenjwa.

Uma uqinisa i-host, yizona zilungiselelo okufanele uzibuyekeze, futhi ziyisizathu sokuthi imishini emibili kunethiwekhi eyodwa ingaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Zishintshe njengenqubomgomo, hhayi njengendlela emfushane yokulungisa amaphutha.

Okungeke kukuchaze i-redirect

Ama-route athile, imithetho yokuhamba kwenqubomgomo kanye nezixhumi zasendaweni kuchaza iningi lezindlela ezingalindelekile ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi i-redirect. Isiqalo esithile kakhulu, umthetho ohambisana nekheli lomthombo, noma okuzenzakalelayo kwesibili kwelinye ithebula ngakunye kwazo kuzodlula i-route obukulindele. Hlola lezo kuqala, ngoba ziqinisekile futhi ziyabonakala.

Ukubamba okudala kungenye ingibe, ngoba iklayenti elishintshe inethiwekhi line-gateway yasendaweni ehlukile.

I-redirect endala evela ekuxhumaneni kwangaphambili ayichazi lutho mayelana nendlela yamanje, ngakho bhala ukuthi iyiphi i-interface ethola ithrafikhi yokulawula manje.

Hlola i-route ngaphambi kokusola itheneli

Buza i-kernel ukuthi iyiphi i-route eyayizosebenzisa endaweni ekuyiwa kuyo, bese uyiqhathanisa nethebula obukuhlosile. Uma impendulo ihambisana nethebula, akukho redirect eshintshile lutho futhi uphenyo lungolunye indawo. Uma ingahambisani, ngaphambi kokucabanga ukuthi itheneli inecala, funa i-redirect egciniwe, umthetho wenqubomgomo noma ithebula lesibili. Ukufuna i-route kuyiqiniso, futhi konke okunye kuyindaba yokuthi kwenzeka kanjani lokho.

I-redirect akufanele neze ibe yisizathu sokuthi indlela evikelwe iguquke ngokuthula ibe ngale engavikelwe, ngakho inqubomgomo yokwamukela ingaphansi kokubuyekezwa komklamo. Incazelo ku-RFC 792 iseyisibonelo salokho umlayezo we-IPv4 ongakusho.

Bhala ndawonye umphumela wokufuna i-route kanye nesikhathi sokubamba, bese umuntu olandelayo engaphinda asho isiphetho sakho.