Ibanga akulona umzila: guqula 200-255 kuma-prefix amathathu
Umugqa womzila uthatha inethiwekhi kanye nemaski, awukaze uthathe ikheli lokuqala nelokugcina. Hlanganisa ibanga libe ama-prefix aqondanisiwe ngaphambi kokuthi i-OpenVPN ilifake.
Imithetho yodonga lomlilo yamukela ikheli lokuqala nelokugcina, njengokuthi 192.168.0.200 kuya ku-192.168.0.255, kodwa imizila ayamukeli. Umugqa womzila unesikhala senethiwekhi nemaski kuphela, okusho ukuthi ibanga eliqhubekayo kufanele libe yi-prefix eyodwa noma eziningi eziqondanisiwe, ngaphambi kokuba OpenVPN ilifake. Iphrofayela ehlanganisa i-route-nopull nesikhawu esingaqondanisiwe yiyo indawo okujwayele ukucashe kuyo ukwehluleka, ngoba ifayela liyahlaziywa futhi awukho umzila ohlangabezanayo. Lungisa amabhulokhi futhi ukwehluleka kuzobonakala ngomyalo owodwa.
Inganekwane: ibanga liwumzila
Amathebula omzila agcina amapheya enethiwekhi nemaski futhi akhetha ukufana okude kakhulu, ngakho isikhawu esinokuqala nokuphela asinandawo yokuhlala. I-prefix eyodwa ehlanganisa amakheli angu-256 ihlanganisa .0 kuya ku-.255, ingxenye yalelo banga ihlanganisa .0 kuya ku-.127, futhi yibanga eliqondaniswe nalo mikhawulo kuphela elimebula ngesinyathelo esisodwa. Konke okunye kufanele kusikwe kube amabhulokhi. Umzila omncane usasho isikhawu sokuqala.
Ibanga elingaqondaniswanga ne-prefix akulona umzila ocindezelwe. Kungolunye uhlobo lwento, futhi ukuliphatha njengomzila yilapho ukwehluleka okuthulile kuqala khona.
Ukuqondanisa kuyizibalo, akusilo isitayela
Ubukhulu bamabhulokhi bunqunywa ubude be-prefix. I-/29 ingaqala kuphela ekhelini elihlukaniseka ngo-8, i-/28 kwelithi ngo-16, i-/27 kwelithi ngo-32. Susa ibhulokhi emngceleni walo futhi imaski izohlanganisa iqoqo lamakheli elihlukile kunalelo obulijongile.
Hlanganisa kusukela emaphethelweni aphansi. Esinyathelweni ngasinye thatha ibhulokhi eliqondanisiwe elikhulu kakhulu elingadluli ekupheleni kwebanga, bese uqhubeka ekhelini lokuqala ngemuva kwalo. Amabhulokhi awakwazi ukugqagqana, ngoba ngalinye liqala lapho eledlule liphele khona.
Abantu ababili abakwenza ngesandla kufanele bafike emiphumeleni efanayo. Ukungavumelani kusho ukuthi othile wavumela ukuqala okungaqondanisiwe.
Sebenza ku-200 kuya ku-255
| Step | Start | Block that fits | Line for the profile |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | .200, multiple of 8 | /29, 8 addresses | 192.168.0.200 255.255.255.248 |
| 2 | .208, multiple of 16 | /28, 16 addresses | 192.168.0.208 255.255.255.240 |
| 3 | .224, multiple of 32 | /27, 32 addresses | 192.168.0.224 255.255.255.224 |
Ibanga liqala ku-.200, okuyisiphindaphindo sika-8, ngakho ibhulokhi lokuqala yi-/29 kusukela .200 kuya ku-.207. Ngemuva kwala makheli ayisishiyagalombili inani lokuqala elikhululekile yi-.208, elihlukaniseka ngo-16, ngakho i-/28 ithatha .208 kuya ku-.223. Okusalayo yi-.224 kuya ku-.255, amakheli angamashumi amathathu nambili aqala esiphindaphindweni sika-32, okungukuthi i-/27. Lezo zingqimba ezintathu yikho konke ukuhlukaniswa.
Zibhale njengezingqimba zomzila hhayi njengeprose. Iphrofayela enomugqa wokuqala kuphela ihlanganisa amakheli ayisishiyagalombili futhi ishiya okunye ngaphandle komhubhe.
route-nopull
route 192.168.0.200 255.255.255.248
route 192.168.0.208 255.255.255.240
route 192.168.0.224 255.255.255.224Ibhulokhi lokugcina lidinga ukuhlolwa komngcele. Ngaphakathi kwe-192.168.0.224/27, .224 iyikheli lenethiwekhi futhi .255 iyikheli lokusakaza, ngakho isibungu okufanele siphendule ku-.255 sihlanganiswe yi-prefix futhi asifinyeleleki. Hambisa leso sibungu noma uhlukanise ibanga ngendlela ehlukile esikhundleni sokuqondisa ibhulokhi nokuthemba.
I-route-nopull yenzani esithombeni
Engeza i-route-nopull kuphela lapho imizila ephushwa iseva ingafunwa. Ngaphandle komhlahlandlela, imizila ephushiwe kanye nale migqa kukhona ndawonye, futhi i-prefix ecacile kakhulu iyawina. Ngayo, izinketho ze-DNS ne-DHCP eziphushiwe nazo ziyanyamalala, ngakho ukuxazululwa kwamagama kwangaphakathi kudinga ukulungiselelwa kwayo. Lowo mphumela oseceleni uyamangaza abantu abengeze umhlahlandlela ukuze balungise inkinga yomzila.
Yengeze ngesizathu esifanele, hhayi njengokusabela okuzenzakalelayo. Ukususa imizila ephushiwe kuyisinqumo senqubomgomo esinomphumela we-DNS. Uma iseva ikwazi ukushusha ama-prefix amathathu afanayo, yiyeke, futhi ususe amakhophi ohlangothini lwekliyenti ukuze umnikazi oyedwa alawule uhlu.
Izihlolo ezibamba amaphutha ajwayelekile
Hlola ukuthi imaski ngayinye iwuchungechunge oluqhubekayo lwabanye. Inani elithi 255.255.255.248 liyaphasa futhi u-255.255.255.200 uyehluleka, futhi imaski engaqhubekayo iyenqatshwa noma ifundwe kabi. Bese uqinisekisa indlela yekheli elilodwa kubhulokhi ngalinye.
ip route get 192.168.0.205
ip route get 192.168.0.220
ip route get 192.168.0.240Impendulo ngayinye kufanele isho isixhumanisi somhubhe. Umphumela osho i-adaptha yomzimba usho ukuthi umugqa awukaze ufakwe, okwenzeka kaningi lapho umphathi wenethiwekhi wedeskithophu ebhala kabusha ithebula ngemuva kokuxhuma kwephrofayela.
Khetha umnikazi oyedwa wohlu. Lapho iseva ikwazi ukushusha ama-prefix afanayo, washushise futhi ususe ukuhlela ohlangothini lwekliyenti. Umnikazi oyedwa usho ukuthi iphutha lokuthayipha linendawo eyodwa, futhi ikliyenti neserva azikwazi ukungavumelani ngokuthi yimaphi amakheli angaphakathi komhubhe.