I-Wi-Fi yasehhotela: i-VPN yehluleka ngaphambi kokufika kuseva

Iklayenti le-VPN liyazungeza, bese libika ukuthi alikwazi ukufika kuseva, futhi wonke umuntu uphetha ngokuthi ihhotela livimbela i-VPN. Ngokuvamile akukho okudramatic kangako okwenzekile: inethiwekhi ayikakukhululi ukuze uphume. Iphothali yokubamba ibamba konke ukuxhumana kuze kube yilapho ungena, futhi i-tunnel ayikwazi ukuqedwa ngenkathi ikhasi lokungena libamba amaphakethe ayo. Qeda ukungena ngaphambi kokusola i-tunnel.

Inganekwane: ihhotela livimbela i-VPN

Iningi lamaxhumano e-inthanethi asezihotelini alihlungi ama-tunnel ngokukhethekile. Libamba ithrafikhi yewebhu kuze kube yilapho isivakashi siqinisekisa, futhi lingase linciphise amadivaysi, liqede izikhathi zokusebenza noma lehlise ijubane. Ngakunye kwalokhu kukhiqiza ukwehluleka okubonakala njengokuvinjelwa ngaphakathi kweklayenti le-VPN.

I-tunnel iyithuluzi elibi lokuxilonga lapha, ngoba iyona kuphela uhlelo lokusebenza oluqinisekile ukwehluleka ngenkathi iphothali ingakavunyelwa. Ukufinyelela kwevebhu okuvamile kuyisikhombisi esingcono, ngoba kungakubonisa ikhasi lokungena ngokwalo.

Lokho kuhleleka kubalulekile ngesinye isizathu: iklayenti elineswishi yokuvimba noma imodi ehlala ivuliwe lizonqaba ukulayisha iphothali, futhi umsebenzisi uzophetha ngokuthi inethiwekhi yephukile hhayi isilungiselelo. Womabili amaqiniso aqinisekile ngasikhathi sinye, futhi kunye kuphela okungashintshwa ehhotela. Vala isivikelo ngokulawula kweklayenti uqobo, ngena, bese uvula futhi. Noma yini enye iyindlela yokweqa efihla ukulandelana kwangempela.

Qeda iphothali kuqala, bese uhlola i-HTTPS evamile

Buza abasebenzi igama lenethiwekhi elisemthethweni nendlela yokungena. I-SSID ekholekayo ayibona ubufakazi bobunikazi, futhi inethiwekhi yesibili enegama elifanayo iyicebo elivamile ezindaweni zomphakathi. Sebenzisa isikhumbuzo sokungena sohlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo lapho sikhona, noma ikhasi lehhotela elibhaliwe.

curl -sS -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code} %{redirect_url}\n' http://captive.apple.com/hotspot-detect.html
curl -sS -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}\n' https://www.example.com/

Isicelo sokuqala sibuza indawo eyaziwayo yokuthola iphothali yokubamba nge-HTTP elula; ukudluliswa noma okuqukethwe okungalindelekile kusho ukuthi usengemva kwephothali. Eyesibili ihlola isayithi elijwayelekile le-HTTPS. Uma eyokuqala ikhombisa ukuvinjelwa futhi eyesibili yehluleka, ukungena akukapheleli futhi i-VPN ayihlobene nakho.

Kudivaysi yomuntu siqu kungase kudingeke ukuthi iswishi yokuvimba noma i-VPN ehlala ivuliwe ivalwe ngokulawula okusekelwayo kweklayenti ukuze iphothali ikwazi ukulayisha. Vala izinhlelo ezibuthakathaka ngaleso sikhathi bese uvula isivikelo futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. Kudivaysi elawulwayo, landela inqubo evunyelwe umphathi esikhundleni sokuthi wena uqobo ususe umgomo.

Ungalokothi uqeqe isixwayiso sesitifiketi futhi ungafaki isitifiketi esingaziwa noma uhlelo lokusebenza olusizayo ukuze ungene ku-inthanethi. Uma iphothali ifuna into engalindelekile, qinisekisa nabasebenzi, futhi nomphathi uma idivaysi ingeyomqashi.

Gcina iphrofayela yokuqala kanye nephutha layo

Lapho ukufinyelela okuvamile kusebenza, xhuma iphrofayela yokuqala bese uqopha iphutha eliqondile. Ukwenqatshwa kokuqinisekisa iyinkinga ye-akhawunti, ukuphela kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana iyinkinga yendlela, futhi i-tunnel eyakhekayo kodwa engathwali lutho iyinkinga yokuhamba noma yomgomo.

Lokhu kuthathu kudinga izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezihlukile, futhi isithombe sesikrini sephutha sibaluleke ukudlula incazelo. Qopha nesikhathi, ngoba imikhawulo yesikhathi sehhotela ingase iphele phakathi nehora futhi ikhiqize ukwehluleka okubonakala kungahleliwe. Uma iklayenti linikeza ilogi, gcina ingxenye ezungeze ukwehluleka kokuqala hhayi ifayela lonke. Leyo ngxenye ngokuvamile yanele kumnikazi wephrofayela ukuhlonza isigaba.

Uma ukufinyelela okuvamile kusebenza futhi ukuxoxisana kusaphela isikhathi, buza ihhotela ukuthi liyayisekela yini leyo thrafikhi, futhi uqathanise ne-hotspot ethembekile ngenkathi idivaysi nephrofayela kugcinwa kungashintshwanga. Ukusebenza ku-hotspot kunciphisa ukunaka endleleni yehhotela ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa lutho mayelana nephrofayela.

Sebenzisa kuphela izindlela ezinye ezinikezwa umqhubi

Iphrofayela ye-TCP efanayo ingase iphumelele lapho indlela ye-UDP enikeziwe ingasebenzi, kodwa kuphela uma iseva ilalela ngempela kuleso sithuthi nakuleyo port. I-TCP port 443 ayithathwa ngokuzenzakalela njenge-HTTPS evamile, futhi ayisona isiqinisekiso sokudlula kunethiwekhi evimbelayo.

sudo openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/client/office-tcp.conf --verb 4

Ukusebenzisa iphrofayela enikeziwe ngemininingwane ephezulu kugcina iphutha lokuqala eliwusizo libonakala esikhundleni sokulicindezela kudayalogi yokwehluleka evamile. Sebenzisa ifayela elinikezwe umqhubi esikhundleni sokuthi wena uqobo uhlele ama-port noma amaphrothokholi, ngoba ushintsho lwasendaweni alunakho ukwakha umlaleli ofanayo ngaphesheya.

Uma i-tunnel isethwa kabusha kaningi, qopha ukuthi iphothali iyavela futhi yini noma isignali yasendaweni iyehla, futhi landela izihlolo zokuqina esikhundleni sokushintsha amaphrothokholi amaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Bese uhlola uhlelo lokusebenza oludinga ngempela futhi ubuyisele izilawuli ezijwayelekile zobumfihlo. Ukuxhumana okuthwala isayithi elilodwa kodwa hhayi elinye kuyindaba yokuhamba noma yomgomo, hhayi yephothali.

Ekugcineni, hlola ukululama ngemva kokuba ikhompyutha ephathekayo ilele. Ukugunyazwa kwephothali kungaphela ngokuzimela kusuka ku-tunnel, ngakho idivaysi exhumanisa futhi ngokuzenzakalela ingase ibuyele kunethiwekhi eseyikhohliwe. Ukuvula kabusha ikhasi lephothali kuyisinyathelo esijwayelekile, hhayi uphawu lokuthi i-VPN yephukile.