Ingabe i-VPN yezentengiselwano ivimbela iphothi 5432? Qhathanisa izinketho zakho

Uhlelo lwalukhuluma nesizindalwazi salo lusuka ehhovisi nsuku zonke. Khona-ke othile wavula iklayenti le-VPN yezentengiselwano kuleyo laptop efanayo, futhi ukuxhumana kwaqala ukusethwa kabusha ngemva kokuxhawulana. Akukho okwashintsha ohlelweni, ithumbu libika ukuthi linempilo, futhi i-firewall oyilawulayo ayinawo umthetho wokuvimbela. Okwashintsha yindlela yokuphuma: amaseva omhlinzeki ayizindawo zokugcina ezabiwe ezinomthamo omkhulu, futhi abahlinzeki bahlunga amaphothi aphumayo ukuze banciphise ukusetshenziswa kabi. Amaphothi esizindalwazi nawokuthumela i-imeyili athola ingxenye enkulu yalokhu, ngoba yiwo amaphothi akhangayo ukuskena nogaxekile okuvela eqoqweni lamakheli angaziwa.

Isivivinyo semizuzu emihlanu esihlukanisa ukuhlunga nakho konke okunye

Kusukela kumshini ofanayo, hlola iphothi elilodwa okufanele livuleke kanye nephothi elihlulekayo, kugcina umhlinzeki ofanayo, ithumbu livuliwe bese licishiwe. Sebenzisa umyalo ofanayo kokubili ukuze okuguqukayo kuphela kube ithumbu:

Test-NetConnection db.example.com -Port 443
Test-NetConnection db.example.com -Port 5432
nc -vz -w3 db.example.com 5432

Imiphumela emine ihlanganisa cishe zonke izimo. Uma u-443 esebenza futhi u-5432 ehluleka kuphela uma ithumbu livuliwe, ubona ukuhlungwa kwamaphothi endleleni yokuphuma. Uma kokubili kuhluleka uma ithumbu livuliwe futhi kokubili kusebenza ngaphandle kwalo, inkinga iwukuhamba kwezindlu noma i-DNS, hhayi inqubomgomo yamaphothi. Uma womabili amaphothi exhumana kodwa uhlelo lusahluleka, iphutha lisekugunyazeni noma ku-TLS, hhayi ekufinyelelekeni. Futhi uma indawo eyodwa yesava yomhlinzeki ihluleka, lokho kuyinqubomgomo yesava ngayinye, ngakho zama enye indawo ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yikuphi ukulungiselela.

Inketho yokuqala: ithumbu elihlukanisiwe lesizindalwazi esincane

Uma i-laptop idinga i-VPN yezentengiselwano ngezinye izinjongo kuphela, khipha ibanga lamakheli esizindalwazi ethumbini ukuze ithrafikhi ingalokothi ingene endaweni ephumayo eyabiwe. Lena iyinketho ehlanzekile kakhulu lapho izindlela ezimbili zingadingi ukuhlangana ngempela, futhi ayibizi lutho ngaphandle komthetho wokuhamba ongawubhala phansi. Ukuhweba ukuthi ithumbu elihlukanisiwe lethula indawo yesibili yenqubomgomo: okukhishwe ethumbini kufanele kube ngamabomu, hhayi umphumela oseceleni wesizindalwazi esincane esengezwe othile kamuva.

Iyeka ukusebenza ngesikhathi isizindalwazi sihlala ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi okufanele i-VPN ifinyelele kuyo, ngakho hlola lokho ngaphambi kokuzibophezela.

Inketho yesibili: indawo yakho yokugcina, indlela yakho yokuphuma

Ukusebenzisa indawo encane yokugcina ye-VPN ku-VPS kukubeka ekulawuleni inqubomgomo yokuphuma, futhi akukho iqoqo elabiwe elihilelekayo. Lena iyinketho efanele ukuqhathaniswa ngobuqotho neklayenti lezentengiselwano: uthola ikheli lomthombo elingabikezelwa futhi ulahlekelwa umkhondo womhlaba kanye nokunethezeka komhlinzeki. Ethimbeni elidinga amaphothi esizindalwazi ne-imeyili usuku lonke, ukuhweba kuvame ukuthambekela ekubeni ngumnikazi wendawo yokugcina, ngoba indlela yokwehluleka iba ukulungiselela kwakho okungalungile hhayi inqubomgomo yokuhlukunyezwa yomunye umuntu.

Qhathanisa kokubili ngokuzinza kwekheli lomthombo, ngokuthi ubani ongafunda ithrafikhi yakho, nangokuthi kwenzekani ngosuku lapho umhlinzeki wendawo yokugcina eshintsha ukuhlunga kwakhe.

Inketho yesithathu: khipha i-laptop endleleni

Umsebenzi we-CI, isiqukathi esihleliwe, noma umgcini webastion ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi evunyelwe awuncikile esimweni somuntu sethumbu. Finyelela isizindalwazi ngethumbu le-SSH kusuka kumgcini osevele evunyelwe, futhi i-laptop ayikhulumi ngqo nephothi. Lena iyinketho ekhulayo lapho abantu abaningi behlangabezana nomkhawulo ofanayo, futhi iyona esusa inkinga esikhundleni sokuyizungeza.

Idinga umsebenzi omningi kusengaphambili kunomthetho wethumbu elihlukanisiwe, futhi ayisizi lowo muntu oyedwa odinga isikhathi sokusebenzisana njengamanje.

Kungani ukufaka ikheli lomhlinzeki ohlwini oluvunyelwe kuwukuqhathanisa okungalungile

Ukungeza ikheli lokuphuma lomhlinzeki ohlwini oluvunyelwe lwesizindalwazi kuyasebenza, futhi kunikeza nokufinyelela kuyo yonke enye inhlangano ehlanganyela lelo kheli ngaleso sikhathi. Esikhundleni sokufunda kuphela ngemva kwe-akhawunti yohlelo enikezwe ngokuncane, ukuchayeka kungase kubekezeleleke usuku olulodwa. Kunoma yini ebhaliwe lokho akukona ukuhweba okufanele kuqanjwe, futhi amakheli okuphuma ajikelezayo akwenza kube kubi kakhulu: yonke inguquko yesava yephula umthetho, futhi ukunakekela kumema amafayela abanzi e-CIDR abhubhisa injongo yohlu oluvunyelwe.

Amakheli akhethiwe noma amile, lapho umhlinzeki ewadayisa khona, iwona kuphela uhlobo lwalokhu olukhulayo. Xhuma uhlu oluvunyelwe ekhelini elakho wedwa, noma ungxhumi nhlobo.

Noma yini oyikhethayo, bhala phansi indlela nesizathu. Umuntu olandelayo uzohlangabezana nokuxhumana okusethwa kabusha okufanayo futhi aqale ukusola uhlelo.