I-peer ye-IPsec engenayo ayihambisani nanoma iyiphi iphrofayili? Hlola izinkambu ezine

I-peer yakho ibika ukuthi umhubhe uphezulu, uhlangothi lwakho alubonisi noma yikuphi ukuxhumana kwezokuphepha, futhi ifayela lokuhlela liqukethe ngokusobala igama lokuxhumana elihambisanayo. Lezi zitatimende ezintathu zingaba yiqiniso ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izingxoxo ezingenayo ziqhathaniswa nokuhlela okusebenzayo, kusetshenziswa ikheli le-peer, ubunikazi elibuveza kanye nethrafikhi eliyiphakamisayo. Ifayela elikudiski elingakaze lilayishwe, ubunikazi obungahambisani nenani elilindelekile, noma ipheya lezinketho elisusiwe nge-prefix eyodwa — ngayinye yazo idala ukuthula. Hamba amaqembu amane ezinkambu ngokulandelana okulandelwa umphenduli.

Qala ngephakethe, hhayi ngefayela

Umphenduli uthola isicelo se-IKE, afune incazelo engamukela le peer, bese eqhubeka nokuqinisekisa nokukhetha ithrafikhi. Uma kungukuthi akukho ncazelo elayishiwe ehambisanayo esitebhisini sokuqala, izingxoxo ziphetha ngaphambi kokuba noma iliphi iphutha eliwusizo lifinyelele umsebenzisi.

Yingakho “ukuhlela kubonakala kulungile” akusona ubufakazi. Umbuzo uwukuthi yini isevisi esebenzayo eyilayishile nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye eyikhethile kulolu mzamo. Uhlu lwesimo luphendula lokho ngomyalo owodwa, kuyilapho ibhafa yomhleli iphendula omunye umbuzo. Hlola uhlu ngaphambi kokushintsha ifayela futhi.

Iqembu lokuqala lezinkambu: incazelo elayishwe ngempela

Hlola isimo esisebenzayo ngethuluzi eliphethe i-daemon: umyalo wesimo obala izixhumanisi ezilayishiwe, hhayi ibhafa yomhleli. Qinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye oyilindele ikhona, inikwe amandla okuziphatha kokuqala okukufunayo, futhi yalayishwa ngemva kokuhlela kwakho kokugcina. Ifayela eligciniwe kodwa elingakalayishwa kabusha iyimbangela evamile kakhulu yokuthi “ngikulungisile futhi akukho okushintshile”.

Qinisekisa futhi ukuthi iyiphi ifayela eliyifunda isevisi. Izabelo ziyehluka, futhi ukuxhumana okubhalwe kufakelo elingalungile kuyazitshwa buthule esikhundleni sokwenqatshwa. Uma uhlu lwesimo lungayibonisi neze ingxenye yakho, kusola indlela yokufaka ngaphambi kwendlela yokubhala.

Iqembu lesibili lezinkambu: iziphetho akuzona ubunikazi

Ikheli i-peer exhuma kulo kanye nobunikazi eluqinisekisa ngalo izinkambu ezihlukene. Igama lomsingathi, igama elihlukile, umazisi wokhiye kanye nekheli konke kungasebenza njengobunikazi be-IKE kuye ngokuhlela, futhi akudingeki neze ukuthi kufane nekheli lomphakathi.

Ukuhambisana kwezigxobo kungase kuhlanganise nombono we-NAT: ikheli elibonakala kunethiwekhi lingase lehluke kulelo i-peer ecabanga ukuthi inalo. Kumodeli yokuxhumana ye-libreswan, left kanye no-right yizimpawu zabadlali ababili hhayi ukulandelana okugxilile kwendawo kanye nokude, yingakho ukukopisha ukuhlela okusebenzayo kusuka kwenye indawo nokushintsha amakheli kungesona ukuhumusha okuthembekile.

Bhala ubunikazi obulindelekile bezinhlangothi zombili kanye nobufakazi obubuqinisekisayo. Uma leyo mitha emibili ingahambisani, akukho kosayizi wokulungisa amakheli ozoleta ukuhambisana.

Iqembu lesithathu lezinkambu: ithrafikhi evikelwe

Izinketho zichaza izigaba zangaphakathi zomthombo nomgomo, umndeni wamakheli azo kanye nanoma ikuphi ukulinganiselwa kweprotocol noma sephothi. Isiphakamiso sekheli lomsingathi oyedwa asisona isicelo esifanayo nesomrenga wonke, futhi umphenduli ohlelwe umrenga angase asinqabe noma asinciphise.

Uma iziphetho ezimbili zingahambisani, qhathanisa ukugeleza okuhlosiwe kusuka kuzo zombili izimo esikhundleni sokunweba sonke isikhethi ukuze kuxhumane okuthile. Buza umlawuli ngamunye ukuthi ukugeleza akucabangayo ukuthi uyakuvikela, bese uqhathanisa izimpendulo ezimbili. Ukungafani ngokuvamile kuyi-prefix yomsingathi ngakolunye uhlangothi nomrenga ngakolunye. Umhubhe ohambisanayo ngoba manje uvvikela konke uyisinqumo esihlukile sezokuphepha, futhi esingekho umuntu owamukelayo.

Iqembu lesine lezinkambu: ufunda ukusetshenziswa okukodwa

I-Libreswan, i-Openswan endala kanye ne-strongSwan zinamathuluzi ahlukene okuphatha, indlela yokubhala ehlukile kanye nokulandelana kokuhambisana okuhlukile. Isibonelo esisebenzayo kwesinye asisho lutho okuqondile mayelana nokubaluleka kokukhethwa kwephrofayili noma indlela yokubhala amaphutha kwesinye, ngakho qinisekisa ngemibhalo ye-daemon kule nsizukazi.

Xhumanisa umzamo owodwa kusuka ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni: ikheli lomthombo lomqalisi, ubunikazi obunikeziwe kanye nezinketho eziphakanyisiwe — uma kuqhathaniswa nomlayezo wokukhetha womphenduli kanye nengxenye elayishiwe ayishoyo. Izibali ze-zero zokufaka nokukhipha zisho kuphela ukuthi ukuxhumana okubonwe akuzange kuthwale lawo maphakethe; azisho isiphetho esenqabe isiphakamiso futhi azifakazeli ukuthi kwakukhona ingxenye ehambisanayo ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngemuva kokulungiswa okuhleliwe, qinisekisa iphrofayili nokuxhumana okukhethiwe, bese uhlola isevisi evunyelwe ngempela kanye nendlela yayo yokuphendula. Ukuhambisana kwephrofayili kwenza izingxoxo zikwazi, futhi izingxoxo akusona isihlolo sokugcina sokufinyelela.