Kungani i-casting iyeka ukusebenza ngemuva kokuvula i-VPN yeroutha
Ukuthola kusebenzisa i-multicast yasendaweni ngenkathi i-TV izilanda yona imidiya. Okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubomgomo kungabamba isicelo se-LAN bese kusithumela kumhubhe.
I-casting yayisebenza ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwe-VPN yeroutha futhi iyahluleka ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, kuyilapho ukuphequlula okuvamile kufoni kusasebenza. Lezi zinto ezimbili ziyahambisana, ngoba i-casting akuwona uxhumano olulodwa. Ifoni ithola isamukeli futhi isilawule ngoxhumano lwasendaweni, bese isamukeli sizilanda imidiya ngoxhumano lwaso.
Izindlela ezimbili ezihluleka ngokwehlukile
Indlela yokulawula ingeyasendaweni. Ifoni ithola isamukeli ngokubuza inethiwekhi yasendaweni, bese ivula uxhumano lokulawula kukheli eliyifundile. Uma isamukeli singaveli ohlwini, isinyathelo sokuthola sehlulekile ngaphambi kokuthi kucelwe noma iyiphi imidiya.
Indlela yemidiya akudingeki ibe ngeyasendaweni. Abasamukeli abaningi bazilanda ngokwabo i-stream, ngoxhumano lwabo nangobufakazi babo, ngakho indlela yefoni ayichazi indlela yesamukeli. Ifoni ebonakala isebenzisa indawo yokuphuma eyodwa ayisho lutho ngokuthi i-traffic ye-TV iya kuphi.
Lokho kwehlukana yikho okwenza ukuhluleka kubonakale kuxakile. Umhubhe washintsha ithebula lemizila yefoni kodwa awuzange ushintshe elase-TV, ngakho uphawu olubonakala kolunye uhlangothi lwezimbili kufanele lulandelelwe ngalolo hlangothi. Ukulandelela idivayisi okungeyona yiso isizathu esivamile sokuthi ukulungisa kubonakale kungenzi lutho.
Kungani ukuthola kuqala kuphuka
Ukuthola ngokuvamile kusebenzisa i-multicast yasendaweni. I-mDNS ithumela ku-224.0.0.251 ku-UDP port 5353, futhi i-SSDP ithumela ku-239.255.255.250 ku-UDP port 1900. Zombili zilinganiselwe kuxhumano olulodwa ngokwakhiwa, yingakho iroutha ingazidluliseli phakathi kwezigaba ngaphandle kosizo lwesiphindaphindi noma iphroksi. I-VPN egudlisiwe ayinwebi iqembu le-multicast, futhi indlela yenqubomgomo ayikwazi ukwenza iqembu elingakaze liphume kuxhumano livele kwelinye.
Ngakho ukuhluleka kokuqala akuhlangene nokufihlwa. I-multicast yefoni iphuma ku-interface eyathunyelwa kuyo, isamukeli sisengxenyeni engayiboni neze, futhi uhlu lwamadivayisi lubuya lungenalutho. Uhlu olungenalutho alubona ubufakazi bokuthi i-TV ilahlekelwe ukufinyelela kwi-inthanethi.
Ukwehlukanisa kukhiqiza uphawu olufanayo ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi i-VPN. Amanethiwekhi ezivakashi nokwehlukaniswa kwamakhasimende endaweni yokufinyelela kuvimba ngamabomu amadivayisi ukuthi angakhulumi, futhi ukuvula i-VPN yeroutha phezu kwengxenye ehlukanisiwe akushintshi lutho ngalokho. Hlola isethingi yokwehlukanisa ngaphambi kokuhlola umhubhe. Yimpendulo eshibhile futhi evame kakhulu.
Isakhiwo sezingxenye siyingxenye enye. Iroutha yesibili, i-node ye-mesh kwesinye isimo, noma ingxenye enezintambo ngemuva kwenye i-NAT — konke kubeka isamukeli endaweni i-traffic yokuthola yefoni engayifinyeleli.
Kungani okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubomgomo kungagwinya isicelo sasendaweni
Iroutha egudlisa yonke i-traffic kumhubhe ifaka indlela ezenzakalelayo ku-interface yomhubhe. Uma i-prefix ye-LAN ingaxoshwanga kuleyo nqubomgomo, iphakethe eliya kudivayisi endaweni engamamitha amabili manje lihambisana nokuzenzakalelayo, futhi iroutha ithumela isicelo sokulawula kumhubhe esikhundleni sokuba isithumele kuswishi.
| Stage | What carries it | How a router VPN interferes |
|---|---|---|
| Discovery | Link-local multicast on a single segment | Not extended across segments, and not repaired by a route |
| Control connection | Unicast to the receiver address on the LAN | A policy default can capture the LAN destination and tunnel it |
| Media fetch | The receiver's own connection | Unaffected by the phone's route, but affected by the TV's own policy |
| Account authorization | Tokens held by the application | Can fail for reasons unrelated to any route |
Ukuhleleka kwemithetho kunquma umphumela. Ukugudlisa kwenqubomgomo kuhlola imithetho ngokulandelana kokubaluleka, ngakho ukukhululwa kwe-prefix yasendaweni kufanele kuvele ngaphambi komthetho okhetha ithebula lomhubhe. Ukwengeza ukukhululwa ngemuva komthetho womhubhe akunamphumela, yingakho isakhiwo esibonakala silungile sisengathumela i-traffic ye-LAN endaweni yokuphuma ekude.
Ukulungisa kuncane: vumela izindawo ezithile zasendaweni ezidingwa ukuhamba kwe-casting, bese ushiya okunye ukwehlukanisa njengoba kunjalo. Ukususa ukwehlukaniswa kwamakhasimende njengesinyathelo sokuqala kulungisa uphawu kodwa kulahla ukulawula okwakukhelwe inethiwekhi.
Ukubheka ngokushesha efoni kunquma ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kuhluleka okubili onakho. Uma indlela eya kusamukeli ikhomba kumhubhe, inqubomgomo iyinkinga. Uma ikhomba ku-LAN futhi ukuthola kusahluleka, i-multicast noma ukwehlukanisa kuyinkinga, futhi akukho shintsho lwendlela oluzosiza.
ip route get 192.168.1.50
ip rule show
avahi-browse -rt _googlecast._tcpHlola isigaba esishintshile, hhayi izwe
Ukubona okurekhodiwe kudlula ukuhlola okuphindaphindiwe. Phawula ukuthi isamukeli siyavela ohlwini lwamadivayisi, ukuthi isicelo sokulawula siyafinyelela, nokuthi ukudlala kuqala uma i-stream isikhethiwe. Impendulo ngayinye isusa isigaba esisodwa ekusoleni.
Bese uhlola isigaba ngasinye ngokuqondile esikhundleni sokushintsha izindawo zokuphuma. Ukushintsha izwe le-VPN kuhlola indlela yemidiya futhi akuthinti izigaba zokuthola nokulawula, ngakho kungabonakala kusiza ngengozi kuyilapho kungafundisi lutho.
Ngasohlangothini lwesamukeli, hlola indlela yaso kanye nesimo se-akhawunti yaso. I-TV elanda imidiya ngendawo yokuphuma ehlukile kweyefoni iwakhiwo olujwayelekile, futhi ukuhluleka lapho kuwumbuzo ngenqubomgomo yenethiwekhi yesamukeli hhayi ngomhubhe wefoni.
Bhala umphumela njengomusho owodwa mayelana nokuthi yisiphi isigaba esaphuka nokuthi yini esishintshile. Lowo musho ubaluleke ukudlula iviki lokushintsha izwe, futhi uhlala udlula isibuyekezo se-firmware esilandelayo.
I-casting iyisimo sokuhlola esihle somthetho ojwayelekile mayelana nemihubhe. Uma kunezwa eyodwa kunethiwekhi, umbuzo wokuqala uyikuthi yiziphi izindawo okwakungafanele zingene kuyo neze. Owesibili uyikuthi iyiphi yazo inqubomgomo eyamukele ngokuthula.