I-NetBIOS ku-VPN: igama, idathagramu neseshini yizinsizakalo ezihlukene
Isiqubulo mayelana namarutha sibanzi kakhulu. Hlola ukuthi iyiphi kwezinsizakalo ezintathu esetshenziswa uhlelo lwakho, nokuthi ixazulula amagama ngokusakaza noma ngeseva.
«I-NetBIOS ayiweli amarutha» kuphindwa njengokungathi lokho sekunqume ukwakheka. Akuzange kunqume. Ukusesha igama ngokusakaza ngokuvamile kuhlala ngaphakathi kwesizinda sakho sokusakaza, kodwa izinsizakalo ze-NetBIOS zingasebenzisa nethrafikhi ye-IP eqondisiwe ehlanganiswa kahle. Umbuzo owusizo awona ukuthi i-NetBIOS iwela amarutha yini; umbuzo ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lusebenzisa yiphi kwezinsizakalo zayo ezintathu.
Isixhumanisi sesofthiwe, hhayi iphrothokholi eyodwa yocingo
I-RFC 1001 ichaza i-NetBIOS njengesixhumanisi izinhlelo ezibhala kuso, ngokuthuthwa okuningana ngaphansi kwaso. Imodeli yayo ye-TCP/UDP ihlukanisa insizakalo yamagama, ukusatshalaliswa kwamadathagramu nensizakalo yeseshini, futhi isekela ngokusobala ukusebenza ngokusakaza kwe-IP noma ngaphandle kwako.
| Service | What it does | Transport dependence |
|---|---|---|
| Name | Registers and resolves names | Broadcast, point-to-point, or a name server |
| Datagram | Connectionless messages, including broadcast | Broadcast domain or directed delivery |
| Session | Connection-oriented exchange | TCP connection to a named endpoint |
Yileli thebula elibangela ukuthi isiqubulo sehluleke. Insizakalo yeseshini phakathi kwababungazi ababili abaqanjwe ngamagama iyingxoxo ye-IP; idathagramu lokusakaza akusiyo. Ukwakheka okukodwa kwe-VPN kungagcwalisa okokuqala kungagcwalisi okwesibili, futhi ukuhlolwa okufakazela okokuqala akusho lutho ngokwesibili.
Izinhlobo zama-node zinquma ukuthi iklayenti licela ini
Amamodeli ama-node okusakaza, iphuzu-kuya-ephuzwini kanye naxubile e-RFC 1001 achaza ukuthi umbungazi uxazulula kanjani amagama: ngokubuza inethiwekhi yasendaweni, ngokubuza iseva yamagama ngqo, noma ngokuzama okukodwa bese kuba okunye. Imodeli inomthelela ekutheni iyiphi ithrafikhi okufanele ivunyelwe, hhayi ekutheni uhlelo luyasebenza noma cha.
Ilungiselelo leseva yamagama eliphethwe linikeza amaklayenti indlela yephuzu-kuya-ephuzwini, kodwa kuphela kumaklayenti alungiselelwe ukuyisebenzisa. Ukubeka iseva endaweni ethile kunethiwekhi akwenzi uhlelo luyibuze, futhi iklayenti elishiywe kumodi yokusakaza lizoqhubeka libuza isegimenti yasendaweni futhi lifinyelele ekuphelelweni kwesikhathi. Ikheli leseva kufanele lifinyelele ekulungiselelweni kweklayenti, ngayo yonke indlela yokuphatha ehlonishwa yilelo klayenti.
Ngakho-ke bhala imibono emithathu yohlelo olukhulunyiwe: ukuthi liguqula kanjani igama leseva libe ikheli, ukuthi ukutholakala noma imilayezo kusebenzisa ukusakaza noma iphuzu lokugcina eliqondisiwe, nokuthi iseshini yangempela isebenzisa liphi ikheli nokuthuthwa. Lawa mangamaqiniso azimele, futhi ngalinye linesisombululo saso. Ukuxazululwa kwegama okukodwa okuphumelelayo kuwubufakazi mayelana nokokuqala kuphela.
I-NetBIOS phezu kwe-TCP/IP akusiyo i-NetBEUI
Kubili kudidaniswa ngoba kokubili kubizwa ngokuthi kudala. I-NetBIOS phezu kwe-TCP/IP ithwala izinsizakalo zayo ngaphakathi kwamaphakethe e-IP, okuthi umhubhe ohlanganisiwe uwathwale kakade. I-NetBEUI iphrothokholi yengqimba 2 engenakuhlanganiswa, futhi umhubhe we-IP awuthwali amafreyimu e-Ethernet angenasizathu ngenxa nje yokuthi uthwala i-IP.
Ukungeza umzila we-IP akukwazi ukuguqula ifreyimu engeyona eye-IP ibe uhlelo lwe-IP. Uma uhlelo luncike ngempela ekuziphatheni kwengqimba 2, izinketho iyinsizakalo yengqimba 2 ekhawulelwe ngokusobala noma ukushintsha uhlelo; akukho shintsho lomzila oluthatha isikhala sokukodwa kwalokhu.
Khetha ushintsho oluncane olugcwalisa umsebenzi
Isabelo se-SMB esikhona esifinyelelwa ngegama le-DNS eligunyaziwe nangomzila ocacile we-UNC asidingi ukunwetshwa kwe-Ethernet. Umsebenzi wensizakalo yamafayela kanye nolwazi lokuphequlula kuyizidingo ezihlukene, futhi okwesibili kuphela kuncike ohlwini lomakhelwane. Ukufinyelela isabelo ngegama kuxazulula umsebenzi ngaphandle kokunweba isizinda sokusakaza ngomhubhe.
Ukuphequlula yingxenye evame ukwehluleka, futhi yehluleka buthule. Umshini ungavula isabelo ngomzila kuyilapho uhlu lwamakhompyutha aseduze luhlala lungenalutho, ngoba uhlu lugcwaliswa ukutholakala kokusakaza futhi umzila usebenzisa i-DNS. Ukunquma ukuthi udinga uhlu kuyisidingo esihlukile ekunqumeni ukuthi udinga ifayela. Bhala ukuthi yikuphi umsebenzisi akucelile ngempela ngaphambi kokuba wakhe noma yini.
Uma uhlelo oludala ludinga ngempela ukusakaza noma amafreyimu angewona awe-IP, hlola insizakalo yengqimba 2 ekhawulelwe enomnini oqanjiwe, noma shintsha uhlelo. Ibhuloho landisa isizinda sokuhluleka esabiwe kanye nomngcele wenqubomgomo, futhi lokho kuyisinqumo sokwakha, hhayi ibhokisi lokumaka elibhalwe i-NetBIOS. Bhala imisebenzi eqondile okufanele umhubhe uyithwale, khona-ke umphathi uzokwazi ukuhlola isicelo esikhundleni sokuqagela nge-«network yonke ye-Windows».